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Benjamin Thompson
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Benjamin Thompson
Using cannon-boring experiments, Thompson disproved the heat theory at the time. Nutrition was important to him, so while starting up his own factory, he designed a soup that had bread put in to allow for chewing (which he believed to be crucial to proper nutrition). He then set up a garden in Munich which helped to grow food for the poor. -
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Catharine Beecher
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Justin Smith Morrill
He was the main sponsor of the Land Grant Acts. These acts allowed working class and minority citizens to receive higher educations. This concept was so important to him because of how he was kept from a higher education due to his economical position in society. However, he fought this barrier and continued to learn about business, architecture, horticulture, and politics. When developing the Land Grant Acts, he included business, engineering, mechanics, home economics, and agriculture. -
Catharine Beecher
Beecher found the Hartford Female Seminary with her sister Mary. At the time, most female schools were limited to fine arts and language. However, Beecher considered physical health highly important, so she incorporated calisthenics as a statement against the idea of women being fragile. -
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Ellen Richards
She was an American Chemist, worked towards sanitary engineering, and was a founder of home economics. She was also the first woman to be admitted into the Massachusetts Institute of Technology -
Morrill's Land Grant Act
This act took advantage of the money made on the sale of Federal lands. This profit was assigned to the production of Land Grant Colleges that taught agriculture, mechanics, and home economics so that the working class may receive educations. The grant was officially called "An act Donating Public Lands to the Several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the Benefit of Agriculture and the Mechanical Arts. 69 colleges came to fruition because of these grants. -
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Martha Van Rensselaer
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Richards and Home Economics
Richards goal was to apply scientific principles to domestic topics. These topics include, good nutrition, pure foods, proper clothing, physical fitness and sanitation. These practices give women more opportunities opposed to just cooking and cleaning. She published The Chemistry of Cooking and Cleaning: A Manual for Housekeepers and was the first president of the American Home Economics Association. -
Ellen Richards
Richards was the official water analyst for the State Board of Health. She worked as an instructor MIT up until her death. Furthermore, she has written more than 15 books, articles, and reports. -
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Martha Van Rensselaer
Van Rensselaer was elected school commissioner (usually exclusive for men) which she held for 6 years. In this position, she learned about the agricultural extension program and was dismayed to discover that there was no instruction for the farm wife. -
Smith Lever Act
This act helped to establish a Cooperative Extension Service which provides outreach programs to this day. It's main purpose is to help educate rural Americans on agricultural practices and technology. -
Smith-Hughes Act
It is also called the National Vocational Act. It helps provide aid for the promotion of vocational education (industrial, agricultural, and home economics). -
Vocational Education Act
This act was implemented by John F. Kennedy and was intended to replace the Smith-Hughes Act. Funding increased to $225 million and the new act included all agriculture, not just farming. This meant that experimental programs and research were available and the scope of home economics included all fields, not simply homemaking. -
Vocational Education Amendment
The amendment approved the spending of money on curriculum development, residential vocational schools, and research. It also increased services for the needs of the handicapped. -
Vocational Education Amendment
Also called the Rehabilitation Act. This act is designed to help people with disabilities pursue higher education. It also helps them to obtain employment, independent living, counseling, and job training. -
Vocational Education Amendment
This amendment wanted to improve existing programs, overcome sex discrimination, and plan new programs. It also helped those who were at a disadvantage, such as homemakers or single head of households. -
Carl Perkins Act
Was originally the Vocational Education but was renamed to Carl Perkins Act. Its purpose was the increase access to available programs. -
Land Grant Universities in Arkansas
University of Arkansas (Fayetteville)
University of Arkansas Pine Bluff -
New Carl Perkins Act
The new act is supposed to increase funding for more students to participate, puts control in local authorities, and "keeps business at the table to help validate the skills that are taught".
