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6500 BCE
Trephination
Troubled patients would have a hole drilled into their skull in an effort to release the demons from their head. Often done without the permission of the patient and many times would kill the patient. -
Nazi Expeirments
Nazis often performed unethical experiments using jews, homosexuals, disabled persons, as well as others deemed undesirable by the Nazis. They performed unnecessary surgeries without anesthesia, deprived their subjects of sleep as well as starved them. -
Nuremberg Code
Established after WWII in response to the unethical human experiments performed by Nazis in concentration camps. Created a set of ethical guidelines for research involving human participants. Voluntary consent and the avoidance of pain and suffering were two of several principles established by the Nuremberg Code. -
APA Committee on Ethical Standards for Psychologists
The committee was established to set guidelines and provide psychologists with techniques to resolve moral issues. A second committee was established to review cases where malpractice may have been involved, -
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects
The commission established the Belmont report which established three major principles.
- distinction between therapeutic practice and research
- respect for person( avoid harm and benefit the subject)
- justice, evidenced by a fair balance between research benefits and burdens