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Blackboard
The blackboard, which was found when technology was not yet developed, had an important place in language education. As indicated, It should be emphasized that the white or black board has traditionally been an effective instrument for managing the learning environment, particularly when providing instructions (Irani, et, al. 2020). -
Commercial Records
Commercial record sets were in use for foreign language learning. -
Language Labs
Since it started the lab's main goal is to give students a platform to improve their English language abilities, communication skills, and soft skills. -
Radio
Radio may be used in education in three main ways: to increase educational quality and relevance; to reduce educational expenditures; and to increase educational access, particularly in remote regions. -
Start of CALL
For more than 40 years, many classifications have been used to explain how technologies are utilized in language instruction and how they have been impacted by or have influenced other educational or Second Language Acquisition (SLA) ideas (Polat , 2017). With the birth of CALL, it has been helped to learners for their aims. -
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Behaviouristic CALL
Al-Kadi (2018) states that In early discussions about technology integration, behavioristic CALL is used as a benchmark. According to this view, learning occurs through observation, practice, and reinforcement through praise. -
Skinner Teaching Machine
Initially, mechanical teaching machines were used to deliver instructional content and instruct pupils. In the middle of the 1920s, Sidney L. Pressey created them for the first time. As indicated, one thing which this machine does is to inspire the student; it gives him a high de-gree of competence and confidence (Skinner , 1960). -
Photocopier
Teachers used photocopiers for multiply their sheets,exams for the students in the classroom -
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Communicative CALL
As Rahimi and Pourshahaz (2019) indicates the breakthrough in language teaching and learning that occurred in the 1980s gave rise to the second generation of CALL, also known as Communicative CALL. The concept of communicative language teaching, whose objective was to improve language learners' communicative competence, was introduced as a result of the integration of cognitive and humanistic psychology into ELT. -
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Integrative CALL
Since the beginning of integrated CALL (21st Century), multimedia and the Internet have been utilized to expose students to real-world language for the purposes of accuracy, fluency, and agency (John , 2018).
