-
Period: to
Audiolingual Method
Audio-lingualism is a method of foreign language teaching where the emphasis is on learning grammatical and phonological structure, especially for speaking and listening. It is based on behaviourism and so relies on formation as a basis for learning, through a great deal of mechanical repetition. -
Period: to
CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning)
Warschauer categorized it three titles.
1.Structural (1970 - 1980)
a.Drill-based grammar practice
2.Communicative (1980 - 1990)
a.Based on accurency and fluency
3.Integrative (21st centruy)
a.Based on accurency, fluency and agency -
Period: to
CALL
Davies, Walker, Rendall, Hewer evaluated them to these three steps:
1. Dumb CALL (1970-1980)
due to lack of sound and video capabilities
2.Multimedia CALL (1990)
3.WEB CALL(1993) -
Period: to
MALL (Mobile Assisted Language Learning)
Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) is language learning that is assisted or enhanced through the use of a handheld mobile device. MALL is a subset of both Mobile Learning (m-learning) and computer-assisted language learning (CALL). -
Period: to
RALL (Robot Assisted Language Learning)
RALL generally include materials and methods about artifical intelligence. It started around 2004 at Asian countries. -
RESOURCES
CherylJohn: https://tinyurl.com/yuvz4j2w
Rahimi, M.,&Pourshahbaz, S.: https://tinyurl.com/vvaehp54
Al-Kadı: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/later/issue/37194/393131
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED615246.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile-assisted_language_learning#:~:text=Mobile%2Dassisted%20language%20learning%20(MALL,assisted%20language%20learning%20(CALL).