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Because of the expensive prices of the paper, most people used blackboards. -
After broadcasting era started, radio became the most popular tool for learning and teaching English. -
CALL ( Computer Assisted Language Learning) era can be described as the usage of computers while learning and teaching language
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It was created by behavioral psychologist B.F. Skinner. It puts questions and answers on paper discs. Drills were initially given to students in structural CALL. -
Repeated drilling on the same material was beneficial and even essential for learning. it was based on behaviorist ideas.
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A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose microcomputer. Personal computers are a huge aspect of language teaching and learning in the communicative CALL era. -
The purpose was the development of learners' communicative competence. Teachers avoided telling students they are wrong and are flexible to a variety of student responses.
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CD-ROMs helped in language teaching by storing listening exercises and many interactive book materials. -
The internet allowed people to access unlimited information from all around the world. Its popularity changed the world and the internet become the important part of language teaching -
Content-based, authentic learning environments through integration of media and “multi-cultures” are created.
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They use a touch-sensitive screen, projector, and computer. Much like the chalkboard and overhead projector that came before. Today’s models make them work easier. -
Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL). With the increasing usage of mobile phones, people started to get the help of them. combining CALL and mobile learning created this era.
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Web 2.0 allows people to interact, and communicate with each other. Kahoot games, forums, and blogs are some examples of web 2.0. -
Robot-Assisted Language Learning (RALL). motivated by AI technology, RALL is defined as the usage of robots to teach people language.
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Tablet is a mobile device and can be considered as a big version of the smartphone. Can be easily carried and allows its user to access videos, listening files, language games, etc. -
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