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Mechanical Teaching Machines
Teaching machines are the mechanical devices that was first invented by Sidney L. Pressey in mid 1920s. These machines presented multiple choise questions and educational materials for students. They were setable and processed if students' answers were correct in the tests. Shortly, these machines basically managed studets' progress and showed how the knowledge of results contributed learning process. Later, these devices were improved by Norman Crowder. -
Broadcasting
Originally, broadcasting dates back to 1898 when the Guglielmo Marconi introduced the first commercial radio service in United States. However, broadcasting for education appeared when the BBC started broadcasting educational programs for the schools, espeacially for adult learners in 1924. After that utilization of radios and televisions for education became widespread all around the world. Then variable, channels and programs were introduced to improve education by means of TVs and radios. -
Programmed Learning
Programmed learning is a method that was introduced by B.F. Skinner. This method enabled self-instruction by the machines and specificially designed books for students without consulting the teacher to gather information. It is based on operant conditioning principle. Rather than traditional teaching machines, Skinner thought that students should have rewarded individually after they answered the questions correctly. This system was one of the first forms of computer-based learning. -
Open University (OU)
Open University is a public instutuion that was established by the British government in 1969. It was in cooperation with the BBC to improve university programmes and TV & radio shows and provide originally pressed books. Even today it is actively lecturing and make contributions to the learners from all around the world with online courses and lectures. -
PLATO
Generally Plato is a computer assisted instruction system developped by Univerisity of Illinois in the late 1970s. It was really successful system. Over the time it suppoted so many graphic terminals and worldwide networks. Almost 40 years this system was effectively used and involved the key terms of technology such as forums, message boards, online testing, e-mail, chat rooms, instant messaging, remote screen sharing, and multi-player games. -
Computer-based Training (CBT)
Computer-based Training is an interactive approach that teacher replaced by the computer with variable sources, tests and questions. Generally, CBT programmes are called as courseware and provide numerous interactive sessions for the learners in every field. Also textbooks are not required for this. Originally it came from Main Frames, LaserDiscs, then CD-ROMs. And now, CBT can be beneficial with some tools like Kahoot, Google Classroom, EdApp or online video-conferencing apps and etc. -
Learning Managament Systems (LMS)
Learning Managment Systems are the software applications for intructors and learners to provide educational courses, training programmes and learning environment. Initially they were designed for the inspect the learning and education process. They mainly focuse on the online learning and supporting the learners with videos, documents and courses. Today there are various LMS tools that can be used, such as Canvas, Moodle,Schoology, Edmodo and etc. -
Social Media
Social Media is one of the cornerstones of computer technology. It started when the Web 2.0 began service.Social media is a wide category when it is considered in educational context. It makes easier to access knowledge especailly for the young generations. Today so many social media platforms are available to communicate and share information. For example, Twitter, YouTube, Skype, Facebook, Instagram, variable blogs and forums and etc. -
Lecture Capture Systems
Lecture Capture Systems are basically the any application that enable lecturer to record the lecture sessions and shared them online. They are great oppurtunity to students who miss the classes. Also, today these systems have led to the Webinars. Today there are some popular Lecture Capture System tools for intructors. For example, Panopto, TechSmith Relay, Sonic Foundary's Mediasite and etc. -
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
Massive Open Online Courses are the open-access interactive courses that have unlimited participants. They were invented by George Siemens, Stephan Downes and Dave Cormier in Canada and became a confirmed learning style in 2012. MOOCs provide users instant feedbacks, quizzes, assignments and discussions accompanied by interaction in every subject. There are so many tools for using MOOCs today. For example, edX, FutureLearn, Udemy, Coursera and etc. -
Elif ARKAN 200102038
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Resources
https://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/chapter/section-8-1-a-short-history-of-educational-technology/
http://edutechwiki.unige.ch.com
https://law.jrank.org/pages/4884/Broadcasting.html
https://psychology.jrank.org/pages/505/Programmed-Learning.html
http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Computer-based_training
https://www.softwareadvice.com/lms/computer-based-training-comparison/
www.wikipedia.com
https://cielo24.com/2017/03/lecture-capture-students-love/ -
Image Resources
https://edutechindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Lecture-Capture.png
https://www.callcentrehelper.com/images/stories/2018/01/lms-system-760-1.png
https://digitalconqurer.com/wp-content/uploads//2020/10/benutzung_digital_buehne.jpg
https://cdn10.picryl.com/photo/1987/03/01/a-view-of-the-television-studio-at-the-southern-european-broadcasting-detachment-ba633c-1600.jpg
https://aneddoticamagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/pressey.jpg
www.wikipedia.com
