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600 BCE
Chiseled Stone
Moses used chiseled stone to convey the ten commandments in a form of writing in the 7th century BC. -
510 BCE
Oral Communication
- Oral communication was one of the earliest formal teaching method.
- It was thorugh oral communication such as stories and news in ancient times.
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400 BCE
Written Communication
- Written documents existed in ancient Greece by the fifth century.
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1100
Slate Boards (Written Communication)
Slate boards were in use in India. -
1200
Scrolled Manusciprt (Written Communication)
It was handwritten by monks. -
1400
Printing Press (Written Communication)
The invention of the printing press in Europa was disruptive technology making knowledge available. By 1500, printing presses in operation throughout Western Europe had already produced more than twenty million volumes. -
Blackboards/ Chalkboards ( Written Communication)
They became used in schools sround the turn of the 18th century. -
Transport Infrastructure
Development in transport infrastructure led to the first formal correspondace education. -
Broadcasting And Video
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) began broadcasting educational radio programs for schools. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), publicly financed broadcasting system in Great Britain, operating under royal charter. It held a monopoly on television in Great Britain from its introduction until 1954 and on radio until 1972. Headquarters are in the Greater London borough of Westminster. -
Adult Education Radio Broadcast
The first adult education radio broadcast from the BBC. It was about insects in relation to man. -
Overhead Projectors ( Written Communication)
- Overhead projectors were used for training at the end of World War Two. US army started using for training.
- They began to be generally used in schools and business in the late 1950s and 1960s.
- They used until replaced by electronic projectors, presentational software.
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Computer-based Learning (Computer Technologies)
B.F. Skinner started experimenting with teaching machines that made use of programmed learning in 1954, based on the theory of behaviourism -
Television
Television was first used in education for schools and general adult education. In the time of TV vs. Radio, the early 1960s were an era of change. Historian Michael Curtin recounted that then-FCC-chair, Jon Doerfor and TV network heads, had come to an agreement that most of TV was based on commercialism and emphasized entertainment too much. To help counterbalance this, there was a plan organized to produce more serious news and documentary programs. -
Open University and BBC
The British government established the Open University, which worked in partnership with the BBC to develop university programs open to all -
Open University
In the 1970 the Open University transformed the use of print for teaching. They became the birthplace of long distance learning, allowing students to study for degrees outside of London, spreading higher education across the globe. -
Computer Assisted Instruction System
PLATO was a generalized computer assisted instruction system originally developed at the University of Illinois, and, by the late 1970s, comprised several thousand terminals worldwide on nearly a dozen different networked mainframe computers. PLATO was the first generalized computer-assisted instruction system. Starting in 1960, it ran on the University of Illinois' ILLIAC I computer. -
Video- conferencing
Video conferencing using dedicated cable and dedicated conferencing rooms have been used since the 1980s. -
Satellite Broadcasting
Satellite broadcasting started to become available in the 1980. INSAT used it initially for delivering locally produced educational television programs throughout the country in 1983. India still uses satellites for tele-education into the poorest part of the country at the time of writing. -
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Attempts to replicate the teaching process through artificial intelligence (AI) began in the mid-1980s, with a focus initially on teaching arithmetic. AI research was revived by the commercial success of expert systems, a form of AI program that simulated the knowledge and analytical skills of human experts in the early 1980s. Despite large investments of research in AI for teaching over the last 30 years, the results generally have been disappointing. -
Computer Networking
Arpanet in the U.S.A was the first network to use the Internet protocol in 1982. The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet-switching network and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. -
DT200
In 1988, the Open University in the United Kingdom offered a course, DT200, that as well as the OU’s traditional media of printed texts, television programs and audio-cassettes, also included an online discussion component using CoSy. Since this course had 1,200 registered students, it was one of the earliest ‘mass’ open online courses. -
Web-based Learning
Web-based learning refers to the type of learning that uses the Internet as an instructional delivery tool to carry out various learning activities. -
The World Wide Web
The Word Wide Web was formally launched in 1991. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. The browser was released outside CERN in 1991, first to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and then to the general public in August 1991. -
Mosaic
The first web browser, Mosaic, was made available in 1993. It was developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA)[5] at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign beginning in late 1992. NCSA released the browser in 1993. -
Online Learning Environments
In 1995, the Web enabled the development of the first learning management systems (LMSs), such as WebCT. WebCT (Course Tools) or Blackboard Learning System, now owned by Blackboard, is an online proprietary virtual learning environment system that is licensed to colleges and other institutions and used in many campuses for e-learning. -
Video Compression Technology
Development of video compression technology and low cost video servers led to the introduction of lecture capture systems for recording and streaming classroom lectures in 2008. -
Massachusetts Insitute of Technology (MIT)
It started making its recorded lectures available to the public, free of change, via its OpenCourseWare project. In 2001, MIT announced that it planned to put many of its course materials online as part of its OpenCourseWare project. This was largely accomplished by 2010, with material from over 2,000 courses available to all. -
Youtube And Khan Academy
Youtube started in 2005 and was bought by Google in 2006. YouTube is increasingly being used for short educational clips that can be downloaded and integrated into online courses. The Khan Academy started using YouTube in 2006 for recorded voice-over lectures using a digital blackboard for equations and illustrations. -
MOOC
By 2008, George Siemens, Stephen Downes and Dave Cormier in Canada were using web technology to create the first ‘connectivist’ Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), a community of practice that linked webinar presentations and/or blog posts by experts to participants’ blogs and tweets, with just over 2,000 enrollments. MOOCs are a recent and widely researched development in distance education,[2] first introduced in 2006 and emerged as a popular mode of learning in 2012. -
iTunesU
Apple Inc. in 2007 created iTunesU to became a portal or a site where videos and other digital materials on university teaching could be collected and downloaded free of charge by end users. It was announced on January 9, 2001. It is used to play, download, and organize digital multimedia files, including music and video, on personal computers running the macOS and Windows operating systems. -
References
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/%C3%A7al%C4%B1%C5%9Fma-bilgisayar-akmak-2874929/
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/filmi-film-%C5%9Feridi-sen-t%C3%BCp-tube-589491/
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/hubble-teleskobu-evren-planet-earth-1347645/
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/08/10/07/44/tv-2619649_960_720.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2019/10/09/17/49/headphones-4537928_960_720.png
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2018/02/14/21/18/audio-3153963_960_720.jpg -
References
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/projekt%C3%B6r-film-projekt%C3%B6r%C3%BC-sinema-64149/
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/konferans-video-web-webinar-at%C3%B6lye-4087444/
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/tepeg%C3%B6z-projekt%C3%B6r-e%C5%9Fleme-341408/
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/kara-tahta-arka-plan-dekoratif-517818/
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/tahta-kayrak-yaz%C4%B1-tahtas%C4%B1-tebe%C5%9Fir-1614646/ -
References
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/el-yazmas%C4%B1-antik-yazma-belge-547042/
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/07/02/15/52/texture-1493120__340.jpg
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/ta%C5%9F-tablet-latin-tahta-font-stone-2185080/
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2019/10/06/14/50/yada-yada-4530422_960_720.jpg
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/%C3%A7ocuklar-win-ba%C5%9Far%C4%B1-video-oyunu-593313/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLATO_(computer_system) -
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/taray%C4%B1c%C4%B1-web-www-bilgisayar-773215/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/sunu-gui-e-%C3%B6%C4%9Frenme-kurs-lms-341444/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebCT
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/online-webinar-%C3%B6%C4%9Fretmen-konferans-3307293/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course
https://pixabay.com/tr/images/search/mooc/ -
References
https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/understanding-underlying-constructs-webquests/32418
https://www.britannica.com/topic/British-Broadcasting-Corporation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_television
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/ofis-ev-ofis-yarat%C4%B1c%C4%B1-apple-mac-581131/
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2015/06/30/08/07/lens-826308_960_720.jpg -
References
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/kodu-kod-d%C3%BCzenleyicisi-kodlama-1839406/
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/09/05/18/32/old-books-436498_960_720.jpg
https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2014/09/05/18/33/old-letters-436501_960_720.jpg
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/bilgi-kitap-k%C3%BCt%C3%BCphane-g%C3%B6zl%C3%BCk-1052014/
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/yazd%C4%B1rma-makine-matbaa-makinesi-1718810/
https://pixabay.com/tr/photos/musa-10-emir-10-teklifleri-hukuk-2638522/ -
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/yapay-zeka-beyin-d%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCn%C3%BCyorum-3382507/
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/monit%C3%B6r-ikili-binary-system-1307227/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/online-e%C4%9Fitim-lms-e-%C3%B6%C4%9Frenme-3410266/
https://pixabay.com/tr/illustrations/afi%C5%9F-ba%C5%9Fl%C4%B1k-monit%C3%B6r-ikili-909710/
