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Impact of Thomas Jefferson Webster, and Benjamin Rush
They all like the idea of common school for all children to attend. They felt as if everyone should have the right to a basic education. Webster created a dictionary including tips on pronunciation and spelling.
https://www.libertarianism.org/publications/essays/excursions/thomas-jefferson-public-education-part-1 -
Northwest Ordinance
President Richard Henry Lee wanted Americans to settle in other areas of the states. This ordinance allowed them to have an effective way of settling the land because some parts were uninhabitable or Indians were already settled and wanted to stay. A sections was devoted to be for a public school
http://www.northwestordinance.org/p/western-land-ordinance-1785.html -
Colonial Education
Education was for upper class children whose parents could afford to send children to school. They had a very limited resource of supplies so they used bibles and horn books for study. Teachers often used extreme punishment to keep children in line.
https://www.stratfordhall.org/educational-resources/teacher-resources/colonial-education/ -
African Institute/Cheney university of pennsylvania
The first higher institute was created for african americans, it was later renamed the Institute for colored youth and then changed to the Cheney University of Pennsylania. Although it is a higher institute sometimes they would teach elementary for learners who did not have the prior education.
https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/hq9511.html -
John Dewey
John Dewey was a philosopher and he was known for his new approach to teaching. He thought that the children's entire mind should be explored and engaged through hands on learning. His schools were set up to promote freedom and choices for children that allowed students a democracy.
http://www.pbs.org/onlyateacher/john.html -
Committee of Ten
Most important event because it established the curriculum thought to be most necessary. This had a huge impact even today we utilize certain subjects as our core standards
After evaluating the content in the high schools they found that it was in disarray and inconsistent. The committee of ten decided that fewer subjects should be studied over longer periods of time. So this established the curriculum to teach secondary schools.
http://faculty.knox.edu/jvanderg/202_K/Commof10Recom.htm -
Population Growth and Immigration in the 19th Century
Cities in the United States grew dramatically. Population grew by about 15 million people in two decades. The education system is referenced to be a great influence on immigrants learning all about the "American Dream"
https://www.apstudynotes.org/us-history/sample-essays/urbanization-in-the-19th-century-usa/ -
The Progressive Reform Movement
This term is applied to the era with many economic and social problems caused by rapid growth from industrialization. Some believed that the government, if implemented properly, could help significantly, but others didn't agree because there was a lot of corruption from politicians and problems because of low wages. Educated people created unions to try to create progress. The entry into WW1 brought us out of the progressive era.
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1061.html -
Secondary School Movement
Many more schools surpassing elementary opened up allowing for children to continue their education. Also new laws were becoming more stringent and didn't allow children(in most cases) to work so they chose to go to school instead. We went from 18 percent eligible attendance to 71 percent. (pdf page 275)
https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/lkatz/files/gk_mass_secondary.pdf -
Brown V Board of Education
Most important events because it showed that separate did not mean equal. That there should not be segregation.This has an impact even today in schools, every child is welcome In 1950, in Kansas, schools were separated by race. Linda Brown felt that it was not right so she took her case to court; and after repealing it in the supreme court they concluded it violated the 14th amendment. But not much changed even after, because there were no consequences to the schools for not obeying. -
Elementary and Secondary Act of 1965
Most important event it paved the way to allow funding to schools so that a schools would provide equal education. Even now the benefits of funding in schools are present
Former teacher now President Lyndon B Johnson felt as if the schools were lacking. He wanted equality teaching and learning. This emphasized high standards and accountability. Gave much needed funds to schools.
https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ -
The Civil Rights Movement and Poverty
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. fought for equality and opportunities in the civil rights era because there were many injustices. He noticed that the poor peoples were the ones who were lacking quality in jobs and school opportunities.
https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/the-civil-rights-movement-and-its-connection-to-po/ -
A Nation at Risk
A document was published which outlined that although children were going to school they were not learning or retaining the knowledge. So it gave tips and outlines that would better improve our school systems including better teachers and having higher expectations for students which resulted in testing them.
https://www.edweek.org/ew/issues/a-nation-at-risk/index.html -
No Child Left Behind
Most important event because whether we supported it or not it was a step in the direction of helping lower ability students achieve. and it paved the way for ESSA in schools today
This made schools accountable for student outcomes. If they did not perform than they would risk losing Title 1 money. The idea was so that children even esl learners were not overlooked and made a priority.
https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html -
School Choice Movement
This meant that government funds could be used to provide tuition to children to attend charter schools. Charters schools operate autonomously from the government. The goal is to provide diversity in charter schools and give opportunities to children of all backgrounds.
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB8018/index1.html -
ESSA
Most Important event it gives states and districts the ability to make decisions. The teacher standards are more attainable. This impacts educators today; teachers are not penalized for student test results.
Every Student Succeeds Act was signed by President Obama. This was to ensure that states and school districts can decide about what goes on including teacher standards. Standardized tests are still required.
https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=ft
