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Brown Vs. Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruled that having separate schools based on ethnicity and race to be Unconstitutional. -
The Little Rock Nine
On September 4, 1957, the first day of classes at Central High, Governor Orval Faubus called in the Arkansas National Guard to block the black students’ entry into the high school. Later that month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the Little Rock Nine into the school. -
American College Testing (ACT)
The ACT is a standardized test used for college admissions in the United States. It was first administered in November, 1959 by University of Iowa professor Everett Franklin Lindquist as a competitor to the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). -
Ruby Bridges
Ruby Bridges (born September 8, 1954) was six when she became the first African-American child to integrate a white Southern elementary school on November 14, 1960, escorted to class by her mother and U.S. marshals due to violent mobs. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
passed on April 9. Part of Lyndon Johnson's "War on Poverty," it provides federal funds to help low-income students, which results in the initiation of educational programs such as Title I and bilingual education. -
Indian Education Act
A law that establishes "a comprehensive approach to meeting the unique needs of American Indian and Alaska Native students" -
PARC v. Pennsylvania Board of Education
This established the standard that each child must be offered an individualized education and laid the foundation for the right to an education for all children with disabilities. -
Mills v Board of Education
Mills expanded the impact of the P.A.R.C. case beyond children with developmental disabilities. The Mills class action lawsuit was brought in 1972, on behalf of seven school-age children who had been denied placement in a public educational program for substantial periods of time because of alleged mental, behavioral, physical or emotional disabilities. The plaintiffs sought an injunction on the grounds that they had been denied their constitutional right to Due Process -
Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act
Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act was the first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance, and set the stage for enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act. -
Education for all Handicapped Children Act
This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities -
Board of Education v. Pico
U.S. Supreme court rules that books cannot be removed from a school library because school administrators deemed their content to be offensive. -
A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform
The report contributed to the ever-growing assertion that American schools were failing and it touched off a wave of local, state, and federal reform efforts. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a federal law that provides money for extra educational assistance for poor children in return for improvements in their academic progress. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
represents good news for our nation’s schools. This bipartisan measure reauthorizes the 50-year-old Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the nation’s national education law and longstanding commitment to equal opportunity for all students.
