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Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther 1483-1546
Marin Luther was a huge advocate of education. He was a public supporting of universal education and had many writings showing his support of education. Luther felt so strongly about education and literacy that he even translated the bible from Latin to vernacular so that all people could read it. He felt very strongly about literacy for both children and adults. -
Period: Jan 1, 1534 to Jan 1, 1535
Martin Luther
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Johann Amos Comenius 1592-1670
Johann felt that universal education would end political violence and support social harmony. He felt all children should be educated together rich and poor because they were created in god’s image. He was opposed to formal education before the age of 6. He thought younger children should be educated at home by their mothers. He wrote many books including the first picture book. He also strongly supported children should be raised in a healthy environment and educated in a naturalistic manner. -
John Lock 1632-1704
John did not believe in public education for any age. He felt children should be taught at home by tutor. He also believed that not all children are the same and should not be molded as though they were. He believed parents should let their children play as much as possible. He believed learning should be like play not business or work. He also felt children should wear loose clothing, play in the open air and eat simple food. -
Harvard was founded
1636- Harvard the first college was founded -
Mass. Bay Colony passed law-children should read the bible
1642- Massachusetts Bay Colony passed law that children should learn to read the bible -
Literacy rate exceeded
Early 1700s- New England colonists exceeded the literacy rate compared to those who lived in England -
Kane Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778
Kane wrote Emil one of the most radical books ever written about education and child rearing. Kane did not support at home education instead he felt children should be taught by male tutors away from society. He also did not support reading instruction before the age of 12. He felt very strongly about the need for play and education. -
First academy proposed by Benjamin Franklin
1751- Benjamin Franklin first proposed the idea of an academy -
Acadmeny of Philadelphia was opened
1751- The Academy of Philadelphia was opened -
Memoirs of Alexander Graydon
1760-1766- Memoirs of Alexander Graydon- a student from the Academy of Philadelphia -
First Catholic parochial school opened in Philadelphia
1782- The first Catholic parochial school was opened in Philadelphia -
Proclamation Northwest Ordinance
Proclamation Northwest Ordinance -
Horce Mann was born
1796-Horace Mann was born- considered “the father of American education” -
New York Public School Society Formed
New York Public School Society formed by wealthy businessmen to provide education for poor children. Schools are run on the "Lancastrian" model, in which one "master" can teach hundreds of students in a single room. The master gives a rote lesson to the older students, who then pass it down to the younger students. These schools emphasize discipline and obedience qualities that factory owners want in their workers. -
Mid 1800s secondary schools spread over the states
Mid 1800s- over 5000 secondary schools were spread off the states -
Intergration of Education Ammed. Thomas Jefferson
December 2, 1806- Thomas Jefferson submitted amendment to the Constitution to the Congress during his State of the Union Address. This amendment called for the intergation of education and government. It did not pass. -
The Troy Academy
1821- Emma Willard established The Troy Academy – a school for women -
Mass. offers free secondary school to boys only
1827- Massachusettes led the way for the eventual establishment of a full system of schooling by initiating the first free secondary school, but for boys only. -
Andrew Jackson elected President
1828- Andrew Jackson was elected president -
Catherine Beecher founded the Hartford Seminary
1828-Catherine Beecher founded the Hartford Seminary -
Holyoke Seminary was founded
1836- Mary Lyon founded Mount Holyoke Seminary- still considered the oldest college for women. -
Oberlin College
1837-Oberlin College became first institution to offer coeducation of women and men -
Institute of Colored Youth founded
1837- Institute of Colored Youth was founded, was later named Cheyney University -
Mexican American Children set to segregrated schools
1848-After the Mexican American war Mexican American children were sent to segregated schools to assimilate them into White culture and language. -
Robert vs. City of Boston
1850- Massachusettes ruled in Roberts vs. City of Boston that separated, segregated schools were legal -
Compulsory ACT of 1852
State of Massachusetts was the first to pass its compulsory education law. It was the first general law to try to control the conditions of children. The goal of this act was to make sure that the children of poor immigrants get "civilized" and learn obedience and restraint, so they make good workers and don't contribute to social upheaval. The ACT required parents to send their children to school or be faced with fines. -
Ashum Institute established
1854- Ashmun Institute, the first school of higher learning for African American men was established -
Wilberforce University
1856- Wilberforce University-the first African American university owned and governed by African Americans. -
John Dewey born
1859-John Dewey was born. Dewey was one of the most well know educators who influenced schools and education. His educational philosophy of democratic associated living where children’s experience would be testing and tackling real issues that impact their lives. -
John Dewey
John changed fundamental approaches to teaching and learning. He felt that curriculum should be relevant to student’s lives. He thought that learning by doing and development of practical life skills are as crucial to children’s education. Many felt he was the most significant educational thinker of his era and even the 20th century. -
Howard University was founded
1867- Howard University was founded. It was founded as a coeducational university for newly emancipated slaves. -
First all African Law school founded
1869- First All African American law school was added -
William Chandler Vagley
1874- William Chandler Vagley- he was a major champion of essentialism and was alos a professor of education at Teachers College, Columbia University -
Arnold Gessel
Arnold Gessel was a psychologist and a pediatrician who helped developed the field of child development. He developed the Clinic of Child Develop helped to develop classes to help children with disabilities succeed. He wrote several books, including The Mental Growth of the Preschool Child and The Atlas of the Infant Behavior and Child from Five to Ten along with many others. He was also a supporter of the Nationwide Nursery School system and felt it would benefit America. -
Spelman College founded
1881- Spelman College was founded for African American women -
Tuskgee Norma and Industrial University
1881- Booker T. Washington founded the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Univeristy. It later became the leading school of higher education for African Americans. -
Goerge Counts born
1889- George Counts was born. He challenged schools to create curriculum and a classroom that prepared students for technology, understanding of the world, and human compassion -
University of Chicago Laboratory School founded
1896- University of Chicago Laboratory School was founded by John Dewey -
George Santayana
1905- George Santayana philosopher best known for his famous and oft-quoting warning “Those who forget the past are doomed to repeat it.” -
Maria Montessori
Maria Montessouri opened her first school "Casa dri Bambini" (Childrens House) in low income Rome. As the first female doctor in Italy Maria chose pediatrics and psychiatry. Maria was a pioneer of theories of early childhood education. She felt that children are best taught when the teachers stand back and let the children decide what and how they want to learn. -
Junior High School were added to secondary schools
1909-Junior high schools were added to the secondary schools -
The Smith-Hughs Act of 1917
1917- The Smith-Hughs Act of 1917- provided funding for teachers education programs and vocational programs at the high school level. -
Compulsory Education Act
1918 Compulsory Education Act- this act required all children to go to school -
NANE was formed (NAEYC)
Concerned about the quality of the proliferating programs, Patty Smith Hill identified a multidisciplinary group of 25 individuals, among them Arnold Gesell, Lois Meek (Stolz), and Abigail Eliot, to consider the need for a new association. A public conference was held in Washington, DC in 1926. By 1929, the group was organized as the National Association for Nursery Education (NANE). It was later reorganized to be named NAEYC. -
The Eight Year Study
1930- The Eight Year study- a comparison between 3000 graduates of progressive and of traditional schools was undertaken. This study found that children who had attended and graduated from schools that were using progressive education demonstrated more intellectual curiosity and drive. -
"Dare the School to Build a New Social Oder"-George Counts
1932-Dare the School Build a New Social Order by George Counts challenged schools to crate curriculum and classroom that prepared student with technology. Understanding of the world and human compassion -
Service Read Adjustment Act
1944- The G.I. Bill of Rights-Service Read Adjustment Act- tuition and stipends for those who serve in the military. -
Mendez vs Westminister
1947- In California, the state supreme ruled Mendez vs Westminister that separate was not equal and that Mexican American children could attend public school along with other children. -
Segregation Policy overturned in Texas and Arizona
1948-49- Texas and Arizona also overturned segregation policy -
Brown vs Board of Education
1954- Brown vs. Board of Education- segregation of schools became unconstitutional -
National Defense Act
1958- National Defense Act funded research and funding for educational programs that foucesed on math, science and foreign language. Also proved student loans for those who wanted to become teacher or school counselors. -
The EOA Act 1964
Lyndon B Johnson created the EOA (Economic Opportunity Act) as part of his war on poverty. The EOA provided the beginning of Head Start. Head Start is one of the longest running programs to address systemic poverty in US. This same year The NANE was reorganized as the NAEYC. -
EOA updated to the Head Start ACT
The Office of Economic Opportunity's Community Action Program launched Project Head Start as an eight-week summer program in 1965. The program was led by Dr. Robert Cooke, a pediatrician at Johns Hopkins University, and Dr. Edward Zigler, a professor of psychology and director of the Yale Child Study Center. They designed a comprehensive child development program intended to help communities meet the needs of disadvantaged preschool children. The following year it was authorized by Congress as a -
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
George W. Bush signed the act with the intention it would improve academic performance of disadvantage students. This act was high criticized from the beginning of its passing because critics felt it focused too heavily on test scores in reading and math and not enough in science, art, social studies and P.E. Critics also felt that it would cause teachers to teach students to "pass the test" then create a well rounded curriculum. -
The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014
The Act included a down payment on the President's vision to expand early childhood education. The legislation restored much of the cuts to early learning programs and provided new funding for Early Head Start programs to partner with local child care providers to serve more low-income children in high-quality programs. In addition created Education's Race to the top for preschools.
