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Horace Mann
Most Important: Horace Mann was the first Secretary of Education in the United States, where he promoted free grade school education for all. This eventually worked and that is where we got common schools. Horace Mann is important because with his influence as the Secretary of Education, today we still have public schools where students can receive public education, that is free of cost.
(https://www.biography.com/people/horace-mann-9397522) -
Common Schools
Three years of general education was to be paid for by tax dollars and we free of charge to students. This was a way to teach a common body of knowledge and give equal chance to all children. -
Fredrick Douglas
Fredrick Douglas wanted schools to end the segregation that was in schools. He encouraged African American parents to enroll their children into the schools that were close to their houses, instead of the schools that their children were going to. -
Legal Case and Sarah Roberts
The school that Sarah Roberts was attending was in bad condition and far away from her home, so her parents tried to enroll her in four different schools that was closer to her home. All of the schools denied her application because she was African American. The courts ruled in defense of the state, instead of Roberts. Later in 1855 Massachusetts banned segregation in all public schools in the state. -
The Progressive Reform Movement
This was a time where most children their childhood working instead of going to school. In an effort to stop this, school was made mandatory and banned child labor. -
Growth of Education after the Civil War
Most Important: After the war the government required states to guarantee a free education to all. To get people into towns, to populate them, school was very important. Woman were becoming teachers because they were cheaper to pay for their work. Woman were able to make teaching a respectable profession. This is important today because there are so many woman teachers that because of the growth, woman are teaching in schools today.
https://www.civilwar.org/learn/articles/education-during-1860s -
Committee of Ten
Most Important: The Committee of Ten was supposed to introduce students into the basic subjects and giving them a uniform subject matter. These subjects consisted of 4 curricula. This effects education today because we have these same main curricula today. This is also like the standards and objectives that we have today, having students learn a more unified way.
http://faculty.knox.edu/jvanderg/202_K/Commof10Recom.htm -
John Dewey
John Dewey is known as the father of progressive education. He thought that if a school embraced the whole child as in social, intellectual development, teaching, and exercise that learning and education would be different, children would learn by doing. -
The Progressive Reform Movement
This was a time where children were spending too much time working instead of at school. To change this, child labor was banned and school was made mandatory. -
Secondary School Movement
Due to high population growth there was a large demand for more public schools that had a common school system. This movement lead to the development of High Schools that taught not only main curricula, but also classical courses. -
Impact of WW2
During this time there was a decline in school attendance because everyone was pretty much either fighting or working. Children stopped attending school so that they could work and adults stopped attending college so that they could go fight. As well, most of the funds that would have been used for education were being used to help pay for the war. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
This court case launched finally launched desegregation in American public schools. The court ruled that the schools that African American children were learning in were separate, but they were not equal. Banning segregation in all public school, but some schools didn't follow this ban. -
Impact of Civil Rights Movement
Most Important: During this time discrimination was everywhere, including schools. The decision from Brown vs. Board of Education had ruled that Separate was not equal and that schools needed to desegregate, the south didn't listen. Eventually when the Civil Rights Act passed, taking away government funds unless schools desegregated. This is important today because schools are now desegregated and every child can learn together
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement -
War on Poverty
During this time a lot of people lived in poverty and because of that there was a rise in crime and a decline in man power. To fight this trend there was a program that was passed where people could get low income housing, health care, welfare services. There was also a movement to improve schools because many thought that if the poor was given skills and education, that would eliminate or break the cycle of poverty. -
Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act
Most Important: This act said that all children with any kind of disability would be provided a free and appropriate public education. This act also protected the rights of the children ans how they would be educated. This is important today because in every school there are children that will have some sort of disability and it is our job to make sure that these students get all that they need to succeed through an IEP
https://www.washington.edu/doit/what-individuals-disabilities-education-act
