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Jan 1, 1200
Free Education
Free education for the poor was officially mandated by the Church in 1179 when it decreed that every cathedral must assign a master to teach boys too poor to pay the regular fee;[62] parishes and monasteries also established free schools teaching at least basic literary skills. -
SpritualReform
In Scotland, for instance, the national Church of Scotland set out a programme for spiritual reform in January 1561 setting the principle of a school teacher for every parish church and free education for the poor. -
Universal Education
In Central Europe, the 17th century scientist and educator John Amos Comenius promulgated a reformed system of universal education that was widely used in Europe. -
the thories and systems of education
The thories and systems of education were influenced by various philosophical and social trends -
Increased government interest in education
Growth of universal education resulted in increased government interest in education. In the 1760s, for instance, Ivan Betskoy was appointed by the Russian Tsarina, Catherine II, as educational advisor. -
Betskoy's work in Russia
Betskoy's work in Russia was soon followed by the Polish establishment in 1773 of a Commission of National Education.
The commission functioned as the first government Ministry of Education in a European country. -
Incresing academic result in education
There was an increasing academic interest in education and the first attempts to create what might be considered academic rationales for teaching methods. This led, in the 1770s, to the establishment of the first chair of pedagogy at the University of Halle in Germany -
University in Berlin
Under the guidance of Wilhelm von Humboldt a new university was founded in Berlin in 1810 which became the model for many research universities. Herbart developed a system of pedagogy widely used in German-speaking areas. -
political role in education
Most of West, Central, and parts of East Europe began to provide elementary education in reading, writing, and arithmetic, partly because politicians believed that education was needed for orderly political behavior.
