History of Cloning

August Weismann's Cell Proposal

Jul 3, 1884

August Weismann proposes that a cell's genetic material diminishes each time the cell divides.

Wilhelm Roux's Experiment

Nov 9, 1888

Wilhelm Roux proves Weismann's theory by conducting an experiment in which he destroyed one cell of a 2-cell frog embryo, and only a half-embryo developed.

Hans Dreisch's Experiment

May 6, 1894

Dreisch challenged Weismann's theory by conducting an experiment in which he showed that blastomeres separated from 2- and 4- cell sea urchin embryos could still develop into larvae.

Hans Spemann's Experiment

Aug 5, 1901

Hans Spemann splits a two-cell salamandetr embryo into tow parts, and both parts developed into two organisms, which

Walter Sutton Hypothesis

Apr 5, 1902

Walter Sutton hypothesized the exsistance of chromosomes in the nucleus.

Hans Spemann's Nuclear Transfer Experiment

Sep 3, 1914

Hans Spemann's Nuclear Transfusion Results

Oct 10, 1938

Spemann published the resutls of his experiments that he did back in 1914 and creates the basis for cloning.

John Gurdon's Frog Clone

Feb 2, 1962

Gurdon clones South Africian frogs of two different adults and creates a cloned South Africian frog.

F.E. Steward's Carrots

Jul 5, 1964

Cloned two diferent carrot roots cells to create a successful carrot plant that proved cloning from different cells was possible and could work.

James Shpiero and Johnathan Bechwith

Apr 21, 1969

James Shpiero and Johnathan Bechwith isolated the first gene

Karl Illmensee's Mice

Aug 4, 1979

Karl Illmensee cloned three mice.

Steen Willadsen and the Sheep

Dec 18, 1984

Steen Willadsen successfully cloned a sheep using nuclear transfer.

Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell create Dolly

Jul 5, 1996

Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell clone a sheep and name it Dolly

Noah the baby bull guar is cloned by Advanced Cell Technology, Inc.

Jul 4, 2001

Dolly Euthanized

Jun 16, 2003