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History of Bilingual Education Instruction Methods

By knpeaney
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    Grammar Translation Method

    Mostly written, this method requires just the ability to memorize vocabulary words, and has little oral communication or listening. Repetition drills and fill-in-the-blank exercises are used.

  • The Series Method: Francois Gouin

    Teaching a second language by recreating conditions in which children first learn a language. Involves mimicry and acting out what the teacher is saying.

  • The Direct Method: Charles Berlitz

    Some of the same principles of The Series Method, Berlitz wanted to immerse the children in their target language. The objectives included speaking and listening comprehension and not translation. Class sizes were small, and hard to put in place in public schools.
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    Pre-Behaviorism

    The Series Method, The Direct Method
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    Behaviorism

    Audiolingual Method (ALM) Extensive conversation practice in the target language, uses responses and rewards for habit formation. The teacher may speak in their native language, and visual aids are used.

  • Community Language Learning: Charles Curan

    Counselor-client relationship, focused on fact that sometimes we're faced with emotional barriers to learning.

  • Suggestopedia

    Mind and body need to be relaxed to learn, dim lighting, comfy arm chairs, etc.

  • The Silent Way

    Learning is automatic when students want to discover, not memorize. Associating color coded things with phonemes.

  • Total Physical Response (TPR)

    Effective when learner has no knowledge of target language, focused on listening.
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    Universal Grammar

    Community Language Learning, Suggestopedia, The Silent Way,
    Total Physical Response (TPR)

  • Creation of ESL Programs

  • Sheltered Content Instruction

    A means of making rigorous lessons more comprehensible to ELLs, eventually become standards based.

  • Krashen

    The Natural Approach is published. Supported by Krashen's Model of Language Acquisition, this model is teacher centered and learning is made to be enjoyable. Technique to help students acquire, and not consciously learn the target language, with little conscious effort.
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    The Communicative Method (CLT)

    Similar to the Natural Approach, but students are to avoid using their native language. Seeks to create real-life social situations to help students, and grammar is not taught.
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    An Eclectic Approach

    Takes things that work from multiple models from the past and combine them into the language classroom. Allows teachers to use what they see is effective.