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322 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle was also known as the grandfather of science. He created hi own school in Athens. Aristotle believed in a geocentric universe and the earth was a spherical shape. He was able to prove this by constellations. -
168
Ptolemy
Ptolemy believed that the Earth was in the center of the universe. The theory was called the geocentric theory. Ptolemy was able to predict how the planets were going to move based on the stars. -
1543
Copernicus
Copernicus believed that the sun was in the center of the universe. He said the Earth rotates on its axis as evidence but no one believed him. Copernicus also believed that the Earth turns once daily on its axis. -
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe is known for planetary observations. He observed the sky every night. Tycho saw a bight star in Cassiopeia and today is named SN 1572. His observations were the most accurate before the telescope. He was also know to invent new instruments. -
Difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes
Refracting telescope- An optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image.
Reflecting telescope- A small telescope that is generally considered by professional astronomers to be any reflector-type telescope with a primary mirror of less than 2 meters diameter. -
Hans Lippershey
Hans Lippershey was a dutch inventor and got credit for making the telescope.(Called it the looker) He sold only to foreign kings because the looker was to easy to copy. The states general gave Hans Lippershey 900 florins for his invention. -
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler is a German astronomer and he discovered that the the planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus. He also discovered that there is an exact relationship between the squares of the planets periodic times and the cubes of the radii of their orbits. -
Galileo
Galileo was a was an Italian astronomer etc. He built the telescope. He also proved that Venus rotated around the sun and that Jupiter dose not rotate around Earth. Which proved Ptolemy's theory wrong. -
Giovanni Cassini
Giovanni Cassini was a french astronomer. He discovered a gap between the rings A and B of Saturn. Giovanni Cassini also discovered the four moons of Saturn.He was able to measure Jupiter's rotational period and Mars. Giovanni Cassini discovered Jupiter's and Saturn's satellites. -
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton created the reflecting telescope and he developed the laws of motion and principles of modern physics. -
William Herschel
William Herschel is a British-German who discovered the planet Uranus. He also created his own telescope that can magnifying power of 6,450 times and made his own eye glasses. He believed that there were "island universe" which are now know as galaxies. -
Percival Lowell
Percival Lowell was an American astronomer who believed that there were other plants among the orbit of Neptune. He built a private observatory and was able to calculate the position of the planet beyond Neptune. His observatory was where Pluto was discovered. -
Karl Jansky
Karl Jansky was an American engineer who discovered radio waves which developed radio astronomy and that unidentified radio interference came from the stars. -
Edwin Hubble
Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer and before Edwin Hubble discovery's people believed there was only the milky way but he proved there is more then one galaxy. He also knew the universe is expanding based on the level of redshift in light coming from a galaxy. -
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein came up with an equation that will help astronomers estimate the distance between a star and earth. He created the theory of relativity which revolutionized modern astrophysics. He also proved that mass and energy are equal. -
Sputnik
Sputnik is a series of satellites. The first time Sputnik was launched it reached the farthest point from Earth. It circled the Earth every 96 minutes. The second launch carried a dog (Laika) which was the first living creature in space. -
Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to travel space.He orbited Earth once in 1 hour and 29 minutes at a constant speed of 187 miles per hour. -
John Glenn
John Glenn was an American astronaut who was the first American to orbit earth. Glenn was assigned to the NASA Space Task in Houston and spent 218 hours in space. He completed a successful three-orbit mission around the earth. -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
Ejnar Hertzsprung is a Danish astronomer and identify stars based on there color and brightness. The color and brightness became a method to measure the distance from Earth. He proved dwarf and giant stars exist. Ejnar Hertzsprung believed that red dwarf stars are the smallest and coolest and that blue stars were the biggest and hottest. He thinks that a star starts out as a blue star but later becomes red dwarf star. -
Neil Armstrong
Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. He was launched on the flight Apollo ll and spent 21 hours and 36 minutes on the moon. -
The Apollo Program
The Apollo is a program created by NASA. This program helped Neil Armstrong walk on the moon. The Apollo program 11 space flights to space and Neil Armstrong walked on the moon. -
First Space Shuttle flight
The First Space Shuttle flight was on April 12, 1981. Columbia was caring 7 people but were lost over Texas. -
Mars Pathfinder Expedition
Mars Pathfinder Expedition was launched December 4, 1996. It was designed to demonstrate a way to deliver the first-ever robotic rover to be on the Mars or the "red planet" On July 4, 1997, it landed on Mars' Ares Vallis. Also returned on unprecedented amount of data and outlived its primary design. -
Cassini Orbiter
It was the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn and it also was the first to sample an extraterrestrial ocean. It orbited Saturn from June 30, 2004, until September 15, 2017. -
Lunar Eclipse
A lunar eclipse is when the Sun, Earth, and the Moon all align. The Lunar eclipse that is current was on January 19, 2019 around 9:30 in Phoenix, Arizona. A full lunar eclipse occurs approximately 2-4 times each year.
