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1789 BCE
The French Revolution
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1540 BCE
Coronado discovers Arizona, Texas, Kansas and New Mexico
Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado leads an expedition of more than 1,000 settlers and slaves through territories covering present-day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. And some of his explorers discover the Grand Canyon. -
1536 BCE
English king, Henry VIII starts the Church of England
Henry had broken with Rome, seized assets of the Catholic Church in England and Wales and declared the Church of England as the established church with himself as its head. -
1534 BCE
Parliament approves the formation of the English Church (Act of Supremacy)
In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome. -
1517 BCE
Martin Luther begins the Reformation in Wittenberg
The Protestant Reformation that began with Martin Luther in 1517 played a key role in the development of the North American colonies and the eventual United States. -
1494 BCE
Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas
This article is about the 1494 treaty between Portugal and Spain that divided the world as then understood between the two. -
1453 BCE
The Fall of Constantinple
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1418 BCE
Henry, king of Portugal, founded the Navigation school.
Henry was made the leader of a religious group in Portugal known as the Order of Christ. With much of the money that came in to support this group, Henry was able to fund explorations that took place across the Atlantic sea and down the West Coast of Africa. -
1325 BCE
Cortes conquers Aztec Empire
The Aztec Empire, Mesoamerica’s dominant power in the 15th and early 16th centuries controlled a capital city that was one of the largest in the world. -
1436
The invention of Gutenberg,s printing press
The type of mechanized printing press that Johannes Gutenberg created in the 15th century made it possible for the first time in Europe to manufacture large numbers of books for relatively little cost. -
1502
Henry VIII seeks to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon
Driven by lust, Henry sought to seek an annulment from his first wife Catherine, who was now in her 40s and past the age of bearing children, so that he could marry Anne. -
1513
Ponce de Leon discovers Florida
Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León comes ashore on the Florida coast, and claims the territory for the Spanish crown.
Native Americans inhabited the area that became known as Florida for thousands of years before any European contact. -
Oct 31, 1517
Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses
Legend has it that the priest and scholar Martin Luther approaches the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nails a piece of paper to it containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation. -
Jan 3, 1521
Pope excommunicated Luther
Pope Leo X issues the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem, which excommunicates Martin Luther from the Catholic Church. -
Nov 16, 1532
Pizarro conquers Inca Empire
It is known as the conquest of Peru or transitional period to the historical process developed in the sixteenth century that begins with the fall of the Inca Empire. -
1534
Ignatius Loyola founds the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
The Jesuit movement was founded by Ignatius de Loyola, a Spanish soldier turned priest, in August 1534. The first Jesuits–Ignatius and six of his students–took vows of poverty and chastity and made plans to work for the conversion of Muslims. -
1545
Council of Trent mandates reforms in Catholic Church
It served to define Catholic doctrine and made sweeping decrees on self-reform, helping to revitalize the Roman Catholic Church in the face of Protestant expansion. -
1545
Pope Paul III begins the Council of Trent
Council of Trent, 19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, held in three parts from 1545 to 1563. Prompted by the Reformation, the Council of Trent responded emphatically to the issues at hand and enacted the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestants. -
Sep 25, 1555
Peace of Augsburg recognizes the Lutheran Church
Peace of Augsburg, first permanent legal basis for the coexistence of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany. -
1559
John Calvin publishes the Institutes of the Christian Religion
Institutes of the Christian Religion is John Calvin's seminal work of systematic theology. Regarded as one of the most influential works of Protestant theology. -
Steam machine(Thomas Newcomen)
The steam engine is an external combustion engine that transforms the thermal energy of a quantity of water into mechanical energy. -
Seven Years´War
The Seven Years' War was a series of international conflicts that occurred between early 1756 and late 1763 to establish control over Silesia and for colonial supremacy in North America and India. -
Spinning jenny(James Hargreaves)
The Jenny Spinner was a spinning machine, invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves at Stanhill, near Blackburn in Lancashire, England. This device greatly reduced the labor required for thread production, giving a single worker the ability to handle eight or more spools at a time. -
Watt's parallelogram (James Watt)
The Watt parallelogram or parallel movement is a mechanism invented by the Scottish engineer James Watt in 1784, which allows parallel displacement in the double-acting Watt steam engine. -
coke burning blast furnace(James Darby)
Coke is made from coal, but it produces more heat than the same amount of coal. Using coke allowed the iron smelting furnaces to be much larger, which cut the cost of the manufacturing process. -
Boston Tea Party
The Tea Party took place on December 16, 1773 in Boston, Massachusetts, in which three shipments of tea were thrown into the sea. A group of colonists disguised as Amerindians dumped a cargo of tea from three British ships into the sea. -
First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was a body of representatives elected by the legislative bodies of the American colonies of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1774, except Georgia. -
Battle of Concord and Lexington
For the Battle of Lexington in the American Civil War, see Battle of Lexington The battles of Lexington and Concord were the first engagements of the American Revolutionary War. -
Second Continental Congress
The Second Continental Congress is called the convention of delegates from the Thirteen North American Colonies, which began its meetings on May 10, 1775, shortly after the outbreak of the American War of Independence against Great Britain. -
USA Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America is a document drafted by the second Continental Congress—in the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia on July 4. -
George Washington crosses the Delaware
George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River was an event that occurred on the night of December 25 to 26, 1776, within the framework of the United States War of Independence, specifically the New York and New Jersey campaign. -
Saratoga Battle
The Battle of Saratoga was one of the most important warfare fought during the course of the American War of Independence. Its outcome contributed, to a large extent, to decide the final result of the contest in favor of the continental army. -
French Treaty of Alliance
The American Colonies and France signed this military treaty on February 6, 1778. It formalized France's financial and military support of the revolutionary government in America. -
the spinning mule(Samuel Crompton)
The spinning mule, also originally known as the "muslin spinner" "Hall-i'-th'-Woodes spinner", was a machine used to spin cotton and other fibers. They were used extensively from the late 18th century to the early 20th century in factories in Lancashire and elsewhere. -
The discovery of America
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British surrendered in Yorktown
On October 19, 1781, British General Charles Cornwallis surrendered his army of some 8,000 men to General George Washington at Yorktown, giving up any chance of winning the Revolutionary War. -
power loom (Edmund Cratwright)
A power loom is a mechanized loom system powered by a transmission shaft. The mechanical loom was the result of the evolution of the manual loom, using a mechanical unit to connect and synchronize all the mechanisms. -
the puddling process for making wrought iron(Henry Cort)
Henry Cort discovered the puddling process for making wrought iron. The puddling process converted pig iron into wrought iron by subjecting it to heat and stirring it in a furnace, without using charcoal. It was the first method that allowed quality wrought iron to be produced on a large scale. -
Louis XVI calls the Estates General (1789, Jan.24)
The political and financial situation in France had grown rather bleak, forcing Louis XVI to summon the Estates General. This assembly was composed of three estates – the clergy, nobility and commoners – who had the power to decide on the levying of new taxes and to undertake reforms in the country. -
Tennis Court Oath
The Oath of the Ballgame was a union commitment presented on June 20, 1789 among the 577 deputies of the third estate not to separate until they provided France with a Constitution, facing pressure from the King of France Louis XVI. -
Storming of the Bastille
The storming of the Bastille occurred in Paris on Tuesday, July 14, 1789. Despite the fact that the medieval fortress known as the Bastille only guarded seven prisoners. -
Louis XVI amd Marie Antoinette captured at Varennes (1791, June 21)
The Flight to Varennes, or the royal family's unsuccessful escape from Paris during the night of June 20-21, 1791, undermined the credibility of the king as a constitutional monarch and eventually led to the escalation of the crisis and the execution of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. -
tire changer(Eli Whitney)
A gin or almarrá is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from its seeds. The first patented gin consisted of four parts. A hopper where the cotton was loaded. -
Executtion of Louis XVI
The execution of Louis XVI, which took place on Monday, January 21, 1793, was one of the most important events of the French Revolution. Said execution was carried out in the Plaza de la Revolución, formerly known as the Plaza de Luis XV. -
Canning(Nicolas Appert)
Packaging is a method of preserving food that consists of heating it to a temperature that destroys possible microorganisms present and sealing it in jars, cans, or hermetic bags. -
Coup d´etat of Brumaire (1799, Nov 9)
Coup d'état of 18 Brumaire in France
Bouchot - General Bonaparte au Conseil des Cinq-Cents.jpg
Napoleon booed by the deputies. From General Bonaparte and the Council of Five Hundred at Saint-Cloud on November 10, 1799 (François Bouchot, 1840).
Context of the event
Date November 9, 1799
Site Flag of France France
drivers
Napoleon Bonaparte
Lucien Bonaparte
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes
Roger Ducos
previous government
Form of government Board of Directors. -
Steam locomotive(Richard Trevithick)
A steam locomotive or steam locomotive is a type of locomotive powered by the action of water vapor. It was the dominant form of traction on railways, until it was replaced by diesel and electric locomotives in the mid-20th century. -
Napoleon crowned as emperor (1804, Dec. 2)
Napoleon was crowned Emperor of the French on Sunday, December 2, 1804 (11 Frimaire, Year XIII according to the French Republican calendar), at Notre-Dame de Paris in Paris. -
Victory of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, pitted a French army led by Emperor Napoleon I against French forces on December 2, 1805. -
the world's first commercially successful steamboat(R. Fulton)
Robert Fulton designed and operated the world's first commercially successful steamboat. Fulton's Clermont made its historic first run in August 1807 on the Hudson River. -
Beginning of the Spanish War of Independence (1808, May 2)
The Dos de Mayo or Second of May Uprising took place in Madrid, Spain, on 2–3 May 1808. The rebellion, mainly by civilians, with some isolated military action[4] by junior officers, was against the occupation of the city by French troops, and was violently repressed by the French Imperial forces,[5] with hundreds of public executions. -
Battle of Bailen
The Battle of Bailén was fought during the Spanish War of Independence and was the first defeat in the open field in the history of the Napoleonic army. It took place on July 19, 1808 next to the Jaén city of Bailén. -
British weavers and textile workers(Luddite rebellion in Great Britain)
The original Luddites were British weavers and textile workers who objected to the increased use of mechanized looms and knitting frames. Most were trained artisans who had spent years learning their craft, and they feared that unskilled machine operators were robbing them of their livelihood -
Batalla de Leipzig
The Battle of Leipzig, also called the Battle of the Nations, was the largest armed confrontation of all the Napoleonic Wars and the most important battle lost by Napoleon Bonaparte. -
Exile of Napoleon in Elba (1814, April 6)
On April 11, 1814, Napoleon Bonaparte, emperor of France and one of the greatest military leaders in history, abdicates the throne, and, in the Treaty of Fontainebleau, is banished to the Mediterranean island of Elba. -
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was a combat that took place on June 18, 1815 in the vicinity of Waterloo, a town in present-day Belgium located about twenty kilometers south of Brussels. -
Napoleon´s death at St. Helena
He’d already escaped one island internment, but Napoleon’s banishment to St Helena in 1815 was permanent. All at sea in the Atlantic, the fallen French ruler’s final years were a battle of a different kind, writes historian Julian Humphrys. -
The rocket(George Stephenson)
Stephenson's Rocket was one of the first steam locomotives with an 0-2-2 wheel arrangement. It was built for the Rainhill Trials, organized by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1829 in order to choose the best design to drive the new railway, in which it was the winner. -
The balloon(Michael Faraday)
A balloon is a container of flexible material usually filled with air, water, or helium, often used as a toy for children. They also serve as decoration on birthdays and other celebrations. -
steel plow(John Deere)
Steel with good tensile strength and little elongation for the construction of steel cables. -
The morse code(Samuel MOrse)
The morse code, also known as the morse alphabet or morse key, is a system for representing letters and numbers by means of intermittently emitted signals. -
Telephone(Antonio Meucci)
The telephone is a telecommunication device created to transmit acoustic signals at a distance by means of electrical signals. -
Bessemer process(Henry Bessemer)
The Bessemer process was the first chemical manufacturing process for the mass production of good quality, low-cost cast steel from pig iron. -
The London Underground(First subway of the world in London)
The London Underground first opened as an underground railway in 1863 and its first electrified underground line opened in 1890, making it the world's oldest metro system. -
ether-based refrigeration system(Charles Tellier)
Charles Tellier, also known as the "Father of the Cold", creates the first ether-based refrigeration system. This invention makes it possible to maintain a temperature of 0°C inside the boxes. -
Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone that had been invented by Antonio Meucci
An actor portraying Alexander Graham Bell speaking into an early model telephone. -
movie camera(Thomas Alba Edison)
The film camera is a type of photographic camera that takes a sequence of photographs in rapid succession on a tape of photographic film or film that, once developed, can be projected reproducing the original movement, the result of which is a film. -
car(Karl Benz)
The automobile, also called auto, car or car in some Latin American countries; It is a motorized vehicle with wheels used for transportation. -
spanish american war
The Spanish-American War was a military conflict that pitted Spain and the United States against each other from April to August 1898, when the United States intervened in the Cuban War of Independence. -
An airplane(Wright Brothers)
An airplane, also called an airplane, is a fixed-wing aerodyne, or aircraft with greater density than air, equipped with wings and cargo space, and capable of flying powered by one or more engines. Airplanes include monoplanes, biplanes, and triplanes.