-
Period: to
beginning of the industrial revolution in england
After 1750, Britain underwent an industrial revolution. The process that transformed manufacturing from handmade to machine-made, mass produced goods using water, steam and coal power transported by canal, rail and steamship
Britain was the first country to have an industrial revolution. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of seven year war
this conflict can claim to be the original 'world war'. Franco-British fighting in North America and India became part of a general war in Europe. Britain's subsequent victories around the globe consolidated what has been called the 'First British Empire'.
The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France (the seven year war). The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of captain cooks voyages in the pacific ocean)
Captain James Cook was a British explorer, cartographer and naval officer famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular.
He charted the eastern coast, naming prominent landmarks and collecting many botanical specimens at Botany Bay. The (first) expedition nearly ended in disaster when the Endeavour struck the Great Barrier Reef, but it was eventually dislodged and was careened and repaired at Endeavour River. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of the American revolution
The American Revolution was an insurrection carried out by 13 of Great Britain's North American colonies that began in 1775 and ended with a peace treaty in 1783. The colonies won political independence and went on to form the United States of America. -
Period: to
founding of the first European colony in Australia
establishment of the first permanent European settlement on the continent of Australia. On January 26, 1788, Arthur Phillip, who had sailed into what is now Sydney Cove with a shipload of convicts, hoisted the British flag at the site. In the early 1800s the date, called Foundation Day -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of the french revolution
The causes of the French Revolution can be narrowed to five main factors:
the Estate System
absolutism
Enlightenment ideas
food shortages
and the American Revolution
The Estate System placed people into groups based on birth and was known as the Ancien Regime.
The French Revolution took place between 1789 and 1799, leading to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. The French Revolution was not a single event but a series of developments that unfolded between 1789 and 1799. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of Haitian revolution
with the former colony's independence. It involved black, biracial, French, Spanish, British, and Polish participants—with the ex-slave Toussaint Louverture emerging as Haiti's most prominent general. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of napoleons Bonaparte rule
The Napoleonic era begins roughly with Napoleon Bonaparte's coup d'état, overthrowing the Directory (9 November 1799), establishing the French Consulate, and ends during the Hundred Days and his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo (18 June 1815). -
Period: to
Marry Anning - the greatest fossilist the world ever knew
Mary Anning was a famous fossil hunter and collector from the 19th century. Over the course of her life she made many incredible discoveries in her home town of Lyme Regis and became famous throughout the scientific world. Today, Mary is remembered as one of the greatest fossil hunters to have ever lived. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of Muhammad Ali rule in egypt
Muhammad 'Ali was the Ottoman vicegerent of Egypt following the French occupation of Egypt from 1798-1801 who seized control of Egypt from the weakening Empire and declared himself Egypt's leader, or khedive. -
Period: to
end of the British slave trade
It was only after many failed attempts that, in 1807, the slave trade in the British Empire was abolished. However, slaves in the colonies (excluding areas ruled by the East India Company) were not freed until 1838 – and only after slave-owners, rather than the slaves themselves, received compensation. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of independence Wars in Latin America
Spanish American wars of independence (1808–1833), multiple related conflicts that resulted in the independence of most of the Spanish Empire's American colonies. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of Tanziment Era
The Tanzimat Reforms were a series of edicts between 1839 and 1876 intended to preserve the weakening Ottoman Empire. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of Opium War in China
The first Opium War (1839–42) was fought between China and Great Britain, and the second Opium War (1856–60), also known as the Arrow War or the Anglo-French War in China, was fought by Great Britain and France against China. -
Period: to
publication of Communist Manifesto
written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to serve as the platform of the communist league. it became one of the principal programmatic statements of the European Socialist and Communist parties in the 19th and early 20th Centuries -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of Taiping rebellion
Taiping Rebellion, radical political and religious upheaval that was probably the most important event in China in the 19th century. It lasted for some 14 years (1850–64), ravaged 17 provinces, took an estimated 20 million lives, and irrevocably altered the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12) -
Period: to
Matthew Perrys expedition to Egypt
The Perry Expedition led directly to the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and the western Great Powers, and eventually to the collapse of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of the Emperor -
Period: to
sepoy rebellion
The 1857-8 Sepoy Mutiny in India was started by Indian East India Company soldiers (sepoys) unhappy with their pay and the institutional discrimination against them and their religious beliefs. Sepoys in various parts of India attacked and killed their officers and then took certain cities like Delhi -
Period: to
unification of italy
The formation of the modern Italian state began in 1861 with the unification of most of the peninsula under the House of Savoy (Piedmont-Sardinia) into the Kingdom of Italy. Italy incorporated Venetia and the former Papal States (including Rome) by 1871 following the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71). -
Period: to
abolition of serfdom in Russia
On 19 February 1861, in the sixth year of the reign of Tsar Alexandr II, serfdom was abolished. -
Period: to
establishment of the Dominion of Canada
The British Parliament passed the British North America Act in 1867. The Dominion of Canada was officially born on July 1, 1867. Until 1982, July 1 was celebrated as “Dominion Day” to commemorate the day that Canada became a self-governing Dominion. Today it is officially known as Canada Day. -
Period: to
Meiji restoration
In 1868 the Tokugawa shōgun ("great general"), who ruled Japan in the feudal period, lost his power and the emperor was restored to the supreme position. The emperor took the name Meiji ("enlightened rule") as his reign name; this event was known as the Meiji Restoration. -
Period: to
Opening of Suez Canal
The Suez Canal, which opened on 17 November 1869 after a decade-long construction, is an artificial waterway that cuts across the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt to connect the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. -
Period: to
unification of Germany
The first unification of Germany occurred in 1871 after Prussia's victory in the Franco-Prussian War. In this unification, most of the German-speaking states of Europe united under the crown of Prussia to form the German Empire. The second unification occurred in 1990 after the end of the Cold War. -
Period: to
Barnum Brown
Known as the greatest dinosaur collector of all time, Barnum Brown helped the American Museum of Natural History establish its world-class fossil collection. -
Period: to
Archeopteryx Lithographica fossil (the berlin specimen)
found at Solnhofen, Bavaria, Southern Germany, in 1874
the name means "Ancient wing", this fossil is significant since it opened up our view of evolution entierly! we didnt know they existed! The type specimen of Archaeopteryx was discovered just two years after Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species. Archaeopteryx seemed to confirm Darwin's theories and has since become a key piece of evidence for the origin of birds, the transitional fossils debate, and confirmation of evolution. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of berlin conference
Otto von Bismarck created the Berlin Conference to settle disputes between the European powers with interests in Africa to create pseudo borders of ownership, allowing various European nations to claim almost the entire continent, including its resources and people.
Berlin West Africa Conference, a series of negotiations (Nov. 15, 1884–Feb. 26, 1885) at Berlin, in which the major European nations met to decide all questions connected with the Congo River basin in Central Africa -
Period: to
Abolition of slavery in Brazil
On May 13th 1888, Brazil became the last nation in the Western Hemisphere to formally abolish slavery -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of the Boer war
Between 1899 and 1902, the British Army fought a bitter colonial war against the Boers in South Africa. After initial setbacks and a long period of guerrilla warfare, the British eventually prevailed, but not without adopting controversial tactics. -
Period: to
Beginning (and end) of Russo-Japanese war
Late in the night on February 8, 1904, Japan launched a surprise attack against the Russian-held Port Arthur, along the coast of Manchuria, beginning the Russo-Japanese War. Russia faced many defeats as it battled Japan while also fighting a revolution on the home front -
Period: to
Einstein's theory of relativity
Albert Einstein, in his theory of special relativity, determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers, and he showed that the speed of light within a vacuum is the same no matter the speed at which an observer travels. -
Period: to
beginning (and end) of the Mexican revolution
The Mexican Revolution was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920 -
Period: to
Beginning (and end) of Chinese war
The Chinese Civil War was an intermittent conflict from 1927 to 1949 between the Kuomintang-led Republic of China and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). It began with the Shanghai Massacre and the collapse of the First United Front in 1927, with its main phase occurring from late 1945 to October 1949, ending in a Communist victory and CCP control over mainland China. -
Period: to
world war 1
World War I or the First World War, also known as the Great War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Central Powers -
Period: to
Opening of the Panama Canal
The Panama Canal opens to the world with the transit of the SS Ancon transiting from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Two hundred people were on board, including Captain John Constantine and the President of Panama, Belisario Porras