Historic

First punic war

264 BCE

Rome faces Carthage, the other great power, Rome takes Sicily, Corsica and
Sardinia

Second punic war

218 BCE

The Romans decide to attack Hannibal's rear while
it invades Italy itself, Rome wins

The wars against Celtiberians and Lusitanians

154 BCE

They were very hard wars in which the campaigns of the Lusitanian chief Viriato stand out, with his tactics
guerrilla, and the resistance of the Celtiberian population of Numancia.

Cantabrian-Asturian wars

29 BCE

Also in this case the campaigns were
tough and fierce resistance, given the low
degree of civilization of these populations
from the north, which were mostly
subjected to slavery.

THE CRISIS OF THE THIRD CENTURY AND THE LOWER EMPIRE

401

The Roman world witnessed a profound crisis that took place from the 3rd century on. This crisis
took on great gravity and weakened the Roman State

THE ORIGINS OF THE VISIGODE KINGDOM IN HISPANIA

415

Ataulfo. This Germanic people
had been in contact with the Roman world for a long time, since they had settled in the area
Danube border at the end of the 4th century.

Fallen roman empire

476

It had been crumbling under the invasions of Vandals, Ostrogoths and Visigoths, it ceased to exist.

Leovilgo and suevo kingdom

586

Leovigildo isolated the Basques and ended the Swabian kingdom of
Galicia

Suntila and the Byzantines

631

Expelled the Byzantines and completely subdued the
Basques.

Visigoth kingdoms fall in hispania

711

he unexpected collapse of the Visigoth kingdom was a historical catastrophe so absolute and of such caliber that it is not surprising that successive generations of historians find themselves asking questions and proposing explanations for it.

Muslim conquest

711

Undoubtedly, these disagreements facilitated the penetration of
the Peninsula of the Muslims, which since 710
were solidly established in the North of
Africa.

OMEYA INDEPENDENT EMIRATE OF BAGHDAD

929

In 747 the Abbasid rebellion against Damascus began, culminating in 750 with the death of the Umayyad Caliph.
beginning a fierce Abbasid repression against the Umayyads.

CÓRDOBA CALIFATE

1031

Around 880, Al-Andalus is witnessing a crisis of power and a social crisis that mainly affects the western part,
It is what is known as Fitna.

Christian kingdoms entrance

1035

The Muslim rule over the Peninsula was not total. The territory located north of the Cantabrian mountain range and the
The Pyrenees had been left out of Muslim rule. There lived some peoples (Asturian, Cantabrian and Basque) that
they had hardly been influenced by the Romans and Visigoths. These territories were the scene of the birth
of the Christian nuclei of the Iberian Peninsula

THE CROWN OF ARAGON

1164

Also in the Crown of Aragon the political problems centered on the confrontations between the monarch and the
nobility. In this fight, the king ended up prevailing with the support of the Catalan bourgeoisie.

THE KINGDOMS OF TAIFAS.

1212

The disintegration of the caliphate gave rise to the appearance of twenty independent states called taifa. These
they were facing each other.

THE LOWER MIDDLE AGES

1250

In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries the two universal powers vying for control of the West began to weaken:
the Holy Empire disappears in 1250 with the death of Frederick II, and the Pontificate goes through a series of internal crises
from which you will not recover.

THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIAN CORES

1300

The decomposition of the Caliphate of Córdoba coincides with the territorial configuration of the Christian kingdoms. There is a
expansion between the last quarter of the eleventh century and the first of the twelfth, falling Toledo and Zaragoza into the power of Castilians and Aragonese respectively

THE KINGDOM OF NAVARRE

1454

He lived through some troubled years as a result of his ties to France, which ends up turning Navarre into a
protectorate of the French monarch.

THE KINGDOM OF GRANADA

1492

This kingdom managed to survive until 1492 against the kingdom of Castile. For this, the Nasrid used diplomacy with
enormous skill (they recognized vassals of Castile, they paid him outcasts) and they supported Castile militarily against
other Christian or Muslim kingdoms without distinction.