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Big Six: Historical Significance
The first newspaper in Canada was historicaly significant because the newspaper allowed people all around the nation to access news/events that occured not only in Canada biut throughout the whole world -
Notable Events
The Halifax Gazette, printed by John Bushell. Canada's first newspaper was printed. -
Wars and Battles
French Indian War
Also known as the Seven Years’ War, this New World conflict marked another chapter in the long imperial struggle between Britain and France.The French and Indian War began in 1754 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The war provided Great Britain enormous territorial gains in North America, but disputes over subsequent frontier policy and paying the war’s expenses led to colonial discontent, and ultimately to the American Revolution. -
Colonies & Settlement
Expulsion of the Acadians
Soldiers rounding up terrified civilians, expelling them from their land, burning their homes and crops. It describes a scene from Canada's early history, the Deportation of the Acadians. -
Provincial Notes
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham
- (13 September 1759) was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of Québec to the British. -
Provincial Notes
Montreal gives itself up to the English
The capitulation of Montreal in 1760 is an important event for the decline and end of the French regime. The fall of New France comes within the overall framework of the Seven Years' War in Europe. The War of the Conquest also called "French and Indian War" is thus an episode of this global conflict. In North America, British troops are far superior in number. They also adapt more quickly to local realities. Some historians speak of a war lost in advance. -
Documents Acts & Treaties
Royal Proclamation
In 1763, at ethe end of the French and Indian War, the British issued a proclamation,mainly intended to conciliate the Indians by checking the encroachment of settlers on their lands. In the centuries since the proclamation, it has become one of the cornerstones of Native American law in the United States and Canada. -
Big Six: Primary Source Evidence
A primary source evidence for the Royal Proclamation would be this document. -
Governers & Prime Ministers
Guy Carleton succeeds Murray as governor of Québec. -
Colonies & Settlements
Prince Edward Island becomes a separate British colony
French settlement of the Island (then known as as Île St-Jean) began in the 1720s. The colony was originally a dependency of Île Royale, although a small garrison was stationed near what is now Charlottetown. Settlement was slow, with the population in 1748 reaching just over 700. However, with increasing British pressure on the Acadian inhabitants of Nova Scotia culminating in the decision to expel them in 1755. -
Notable Events
Boston Tea Party
Boston Tea Party
This famed act of American colonial defiance served as a protest against taxation. Seeking to boost the troubled East India Company, British Parliament adjusted import duties with the passage of the Tea Act in 1773. While consignees in Charleston, New York, and Philadelphia rejected tea shipments, merchants in Boston refused to concede to Patriot pressure. -
Documents Acts & Treaties
The Quebec Act
Quebec Act (An Act for making more effective Provision for the Government of the Province of Quebec in North America) was a British statute which received royal assent 22 June 1774 and became effective 1 May 1775. -
Wars & Battles
American Revolution War
The American Revolution (1775-83) is also known as the American Revolutionary War and the U.S. War of Independence. The conflict arose from growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown. -
Exploration Discovery
James Cook, George Vancouver and their crews become the first Europeans known to have landed in British Columbia. -
Big Six: Continuity and Change
When James Cook, George Vancouver came to Canada they were known to be the first Europeans to first come to Canada after they came here the British and others got the chance to come and that further lead to the British taking over Canada -
Big Six: Cause and Consequence
There were many causes of the American Revolution and The Boston Tea Party was one of them, it lead to this war which lasted between 1765-1783. -
Wars & Battles
The American revolutionary ends
The war of independence waged by the American colonies against Britain influenced political ideas and revolutions around the globe, as a fledgling, largely disconnected nation won its freedom from the greatest military force of its time. -
Colonies & Settlements
About 40,000 United Empire Loyalists from the 13 colonies immigrated to Canada.
With America declaring its independence, Great Britain lost 2.5 million subjects in one fell swoop. However, over 100,000 settlers who remained loyal to the Crown — hence the name "Loyalists" — left the Thirteen Colonies that had become the United States, since they were no longer welcome there, to return to England or settle in other British colonies. -
Provincial Notes
New Brunswick becomes a province
The British took over Acadia in 1713, although the French claimed and defended the area that is now New Brunswick until they were defeated militarily in the 1750s. The British expelled or dispersed most of the French-speaking Acadian settlers in 1755 (many of whom eventually returned) and governed the area as Nova Scotia until 1784, when New Brunswick was established as a separate province with its present boundaries. -
Exploration Discovery
Alexander Mackenzie travelled to the beaufort sea, which was later named Mackenzie River. -
Colonies & Settlements
Quebec is divided into 2 colonies, upper and lower Canada
The Constitutional Act passed by the British Parliament in 1791 divided the Province of Québec into two distinct colonies: Lower Canada in the east and Upper Canada in the west. The new constitutional act that repealed the Québec Act of 1774 did not concern other Canadian colonies. For the first time since 1763, the name Canada was reintroduced into official documents and the two colonies were from then on called "province". -
Big Six: Historical Significance
When Quebec was divided into 2 colonies, Upper and Lower Canada. The 2 colonies acted like seperate countries. The British divided the two by passing the Constitutional Act -
Exploraton Discovery
Toronto, also known as York was discovered -
Documents Acts & Treaties
Jay's treaty signed between U.S and Britain
On November 19, 1794 representatives of the United States and Great Britain signed Jay’s Treaty, which sought to settle outstanding issues between the two countries that had been left unresolved since American independence. The treaty proved unpopular with the American public but did accomplish the goal of maintaining peace between the two nations and preserving U.S. neutrality. -
Notable Events
A new fur-trading company is created called the New North West Company or XY Company.
The Northwest Company was officially created in 1783 in opposition to Montreal fur trading interests and the Hudson Bay Company. Many traders who had pushed west from the Great Lakes had been considering various partnerships for a few years before the launching of the Northwest Company and some had cooperate associations, working with other traders or some sort of organized effort to compete. -
Big Six: Historical Significance
Because of the creation of the paper mill we are able to access paper so easily in present day although the process is advanced now it did evolve from the mill. -
Notable Events
Mackezie is knighted and becomes a memeber of the XY Fur Trade Company -
Exploration Discovery
First Paper mill created in Lower Canada; paper was created from clothing rags.
First Canadian paper mill built at St. Andrews, Argenteuil County, Quebec by Walter Ware and Benjamin Wales, two New Englanders. They manufacture writing, printing and wrapping papers. -
Provincial Notes
Quebec nationalist newspaper established called, "Le Canadian" -
Documents Acts & Treaties
The 1807 Act passed which abolished the slave trade in British colonies -
Big Six: Cause and Consequence
The American's came to Canada and burnt York as a cause , in consequence Canadians went down to Washington and and set fire in return. -
Provincial Notes
The Americans burn Toronto (York)
In the wake of the failed campaigns of 1812, newly re-elected President James Madison was forced to reassess the strategic situation along the Canadian border.As a result, it was decided to focus American efforts for 1813 on achieving victory on Lake Ontario and the Niagara frontier. Success on this front also required control of the lake. -
Wars and Battles
The Battle of the Thames (sometimes called the Battle of Moraviantown) occurred 5 October 1813, during the War of 1812. Following the American naval victory under Captain Oliver H. Perry in the Battle of Lake Erie at Put-in-Bay on 10 September 1813, the entire western peninsula of Upper Canada was in danger of falling into enemy hands. Major General Henry Procter, who commanded all British and Canadian forces west of Burlington, was short of supplies and decided to retreat up the River Thames. -
Documents Acts & Treaties
The Treaty of Ghent was signed in Ghent, Belgium, on Christmas Eve 1814 by Great Britain and the US to end the War of 1812. Negotiations for peace had begun the previous year, with both parties agreeing to meet in Europe to work out the details. The military situation in North America was so balanced that neither side had achieved its war aims. For the British, it had been a war of survival for their remaining territories in North America, and thus their diplomats remained on the defensive. -
Colonies & Settlements
Twenty-one Hudson’s Bay men, including the leader Robert Semple, were killed in what became known as the Battle of Seven Oaks. In one sense, this battle was just one in a series of conflicts between two powerful companies fighting for supremacy in the most important business of the time, the fur trade. In another sense, the Battle of Seven Oaks offers a historical snapshot of conflict in Canada at this time. The Battle also represents an important struggle between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals -
Big Six: Continuity and Change
The development of the Huidsons Bay Company was very big, this lead to the fur trade which was a very important way of earning money. Canada started off with Hudsons Bay Company and progressed with The XY company. -
Notable Events
Hudson's Bay Company takes over North West CompanyThe real competition throughout these years was the Hudson Bay Company which was a chartered company formed on May 2nd, 1670 by King Charles II. The HBC was not a partnership of its workers so its' employees rarely worked as hard or as aggressively to find the new furs or explorer new territory. -
Governers & Prime Ministers
Alexander Mackenzie, a future prime minister was born -
Exploration Discovery
Smith Falls in Ontario was discovered -
Colonies & Settlements
Settlement begins in Peterborough, Ontario
Founded in 1825, Peterborough was named the following year for Peterborough, New Hampshire, and intended as a compliment for Peter ROBINSON, who directed the settlement of a large number of Irish immigrants in the area. -
Big Six: Continuity and Change
The first railway was a huge deal for Canada it was a very important way of transportation, not only for people but also for goods. The biggest railway, CPR was also built later on which went throughout Canada -
Provincial Notes
William Mackenzie becomes the first mayor of Toronto -
Notable Events
The first railway opened up in Canada
The development of steam-powered railways in the 19th century revolutionized transportation in Canada and was integral to the very act of nation building. Railways played an integral role in the process of industrialization, opening up new markets and tying regions together, while at the same time creating a demand for resources and technology. -
Wars & Battles
Rebellion vs. the Oligarchies
Upper and Lower Canada were thrown into turmoil from 1837–38, when insurgents mounted rebellions in each colony against the Crown and the political status quo. The revolt in Lower Canada was the more serious and violent of the two. -
Governers & Prime Minister
Lord Durham becomes Canada's Governor -
Big Six: Primary Source Evidence
The Oregon Treaty which was a treaty signed when there was a decision of having a border between the U.S and British North America -
Notable Events
Charles Fenerty
Charles Fenerty from New Brunswick discovered to make paper out of wood pulp which was a huge discovery because in present day, Canada is the world's largest paper industry in the world. -
Exploration Discovery
James Douglas discoveres Victoria and Vancouver Island in B.C -
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Documents Acts & Treaties
The Oregon Treaty
a href='http://www.showme.com/sh/?h=efpZyfg' >Oregon Treaty</a> -
Documents Acts & Treaties
FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT The Fugitive Slave Acts were a pair of federal laws that allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves within the territory of the United States. Enacted by Congress in 1793, the first Fugitive Slave Act authorized local governments to seize and return escaped slaves to their owners and imposed penalties on anyone who aided in their flight. -
Big Six: Primary Source Evidence
Th Fugitive Salves Act -
Notable Events
CANADA'S FIRST POSTAGE STAMPCanada's first postage stamp was issued
The first adhesive postage stamps were issued in Great Britain on 6 May 1840 as part of the innovative postage scheme proposed by Sir Rowland Hill in 1837. Prepayment of postage by the use of stamps was a practice quickly adopted by many countries. -
Provincial Notes
Bytown is renamed to Ottawa
In 1855, Bytown attained city status and a new name: Ottawa. The change was made because the city was in competition to become the capital of the Province of Canada, and "Bytown" was thought inappropriate, evoking images of its rough logging days. "Ottawa" is derived from the French name "l'Outaouais" for a native tribe which traded in the region. -
Exploration Discovery
Gold found in sandbars of the Fraser River
The Fraser Gold Rush was short-lived. By 1860 most of the free gold in the sand bars of the Fraser River had been cleaned out. Many miners returned back to the United States or pushed further into the British Columbia wilderness in search of new gold-prospecting opportunities. -
Big Six: Histotical Significance
b/c of the first women docter in Canada, there is the ability of having the right for women to practice medicine and become docters. Emily Stowe proved that women are capable of doing many things. -
Wars & Battles
American Civil WarU.S civil war
American Civil War, also called War Between the States, four-year war (1861–65) between the United States and 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. -
Colonies & Settlements
Vancouver Island and British Columbia colonies combined together to form a colony called British Columbia. The Colony of British Columbia was a crown colony that resulted from the amalgamation of the two former colonies, the Colony of Vancouver Island and the mainland Colony of British Columbia. The two former colonies were united in 1866, and the united colony existed until its incorporation into the Canadian Confederation in 1871. -
Notable Events
Dominion refers primarily to Dominion of Canada (Constitution Act, 1867, preamble and section 3). The Fathers of Confederation wanted to call "the new nation" the Kingdom of Canada.When the delegates from Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, were discussing in London, in December, 1866, the details of the British North America Act, some difference of opinion arose as to the proper term to be used to describe the new federation. -
Provincial Notes
The first women docter in Canada, Emily Stowe started pacticing in Canada -
Provincial Notes
1870: Sir John A. has gallstones, Manitoba becomes 5th Canadian province and Louis Riel has Thomas Scott killed. -
Exploration Discovery
The first telephone call was made between Alexander Graham Bell and his uncle. Both were present in Ontario whilst the call was made. Bell invented the telephone -
Documents Acts & Treaties
Treaty number 7 established
The Treaty 7 First Nations had all made many treaties before, among themselves. Peace pacts made "forever" with other tribes would sometimes be broken by adventuresome young warriors going on a horse raid. These were land usage agreements between nomadic peoples. -
Notable Events
Sandford Fleming suggested that there should be 24 time-zones in Canada, he did this by handing in a proposal to Canadian government -
Big Six: Cause and Consequence
Louis Riel was hanged in Regina.
Cause: Red River Rebellion
Consequence: Hanged to death -
Notable Events
TimezoneThe idea of time zones by Sir Sanford Flemming was accepted and time zones were put throughout the world -
Provincial Notes
Louis Riel hanged in Regina because of the North West Rebellion issue -
Wars & Battles
The Battle of Batoche is a critical moment in Métis history. Here, the Métis people made their last stand against heavily armed Dominion forces under the leadership of General Fredrick Middleton. -
Governors & Prime Ministers
Wilfrid Laurier becomes leader of the Librals -
Big Six: Historical Significance
Sir John.A.Macdonald dies. He was the first Prime Minister of Canada, and b/c of that every prime minister had to look up to him and either do things better b/c he didn't handle a situation well or do it just like him b/c he handled it very well. -
Governors & Prime Ministers
John A Macdonald dies -
Notable Events
The National Council of Women of Canada, founded in 1893, is one of Canada's oldest advocacy associations and is a member of the International Council of Women. NCWC is a nonpartisan federation of voluntary women's organizations. Led by its first president, Lady Aberdeen, the NCWC became the champion of women and children, and its goal continues to be to improve the status of women, families and society through education and advocacy. -
Provincial Notes
Yukon becomes Canada's 2nd territory -
Wars & Battles
Canadian Soldiers sent to Africa to fight in the Boer War.
The South African War (1899–1902) was Canada's first foreign war. Also known as the Boer War, it was fought between Britain (with help from its colonies and Dominions such as Canada) and the Afrikaner republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State. -
Governors & Prime Ministers
Wilfrid Laurier become prime minister of Canada -
Big Six: Historical Significance
b/c silver was discovered then, many people sold it and earned money b/c of it we now have all this imitation jewellery and dterling silver jewellery. -
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Notable Events
Canada competes in the olympics for the very first time
George Orton is known as Canada's first Olympic gold medal winner. On the official Olympic Games website, there are two records concerning George Orton at the 1900 Paris Olympics. The records show that he won a bronze medal in the 400 m men's hurdles and a gold medal in the 3000 m steeplechase. -
Provincial Notes
Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces of Canada -
Wars & Battles
Royal Canadian Navy formed
In the decades since, the navy has served consistently around the globe with the United Nations and NATO, while protecting sovereignty on Canada's three coasts. The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) was proclaimed as such by King George V on 16 August 1911. The anniversary is marked, however, on 4 May 1910, the date the Naval Service Act became law and established the Canadian Naval Service. -
Big Six: Historical Significance
The Canadian Navy was formed which was a huge discovery, B/c of it Canadians are proud and is one of the best armies in the world. -
Notable Events
The First World War of 1914–1918 was the bloodiest conflict in Canadian history, taking the lives of nearly 61,000 Canadians. It erased romantic notions of war, introducing slaughter on a massive scale, and instilled a fear of foreign military involvement that would last until the Second World War. The great achievements of Canadian soldiers on battlefields such as Ypres, Vimy and Passchendaele, however, ignited a sense of national pride and a confidence that Canada could stand on its own. -
Documents Acts & Treaties
War Measures Act
The War Measures Act was a federal statute adopted by Parliament in 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War. It gave broad powers to the Canadian government to maintain security and order during war or insurrection. -
Exploration Discovery
Poison gas is first used during WW1
Considered uncivilised prior to World War One, the development and use of poison gas was necessitated by the requirement of wartime armies to find new ways of overcoming the stalemate of unexpected trench warfare. -
Documents Acts & Treaties
Canada joins League of Nations
Canada was a founding member of the League of Nations — an organization of countries established in 1919 at the end of the First World War. The League failed in its main purpose of keeping peace through the arbitration of international disputes. It was replaced by the United Nations at the end of the Second World War. -
Big Six: Ethical Dimension
Women were allowed to vote in Acanada, This is the time where women started getting a role and were appreciated instead of just accounting them as housewives. -
Exploration Discovery
The Bluenose also held the record for the largest catch of fish brought into Lunenburg. It came to an ignominious end, sold in 1942 to a West Indies trading company and wrecked off Haiti in 1946. A sculptured profile of the Bluenose has been reproduced on the Canadian dime since 1937.The Bluenose, Canada's most famous ship, was launched at Lunenburg, NS, in 1921 and named with the common sobriquet first applied by T.C. Haliburton to natives of NS. -
Governors & Prime Ministers
Robert Borden allow women earn the right to vote in elections in Canada. -
Governors & Prime Ministers
Mackenzie King becomes prime minister -
Notable Events
The worldwide Great Depression of the early 1930s was a social and economic shock that left millions of Canadians unemployed, hungry and often homeless. Few countries were affected as severely as Canada during what became known as the Dirty Thirties, due to Canada’s heavy dependence on raw material and farm exports, combined with a crippling Prairies drought. Widespread losses of jobs and savings ultimately transformed the country by triggering the birth of social welfare. -
Big Six: Primary Source Evidence
Bank of Canada Act was passed -
Exploration Discovery
First radio brodcasted
Canadian Radio Broadcasting Act passed, providing for establishment of the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission. -
Documents Acts & Treaties
Bank of Canada Act
Bank of Canada Act, 3 July 1934, created the BANK OF CANADA 1935 in response to the 1933 Royal Commission on Banking and Currency. The Bank of Canada was at first privately owned, but was nationalized by 1938. -
Notable Events
Canada Airlines begin -
Wars & Battles
World War II
The Second World War was a defining event in Canadian history, transforming a quiet country on the fringes of global affairs into a critical player in the 20th century's most important struggle. Canada carried out a vital role in the Battle of the Atlantic and the air war over Germany, and contributed forces to the campaigns of western Europe beyond what might be expected of a small nation of then only 11 million people. -
Big Six: Historical Significance
Newfoundland becomes a province in Canada, at first the country was under British rule and finally gained the oppertunity of becoming a part of Canada -
Documents Acts & Treaties
Family Allowance Act
A family or child allowance is a monthly government payment to families with children to help cover the costs of child maintenance. The Family Allowance began in 1945 as Canada's first universal welfare program. -
Notable Events
Canadians join the United Nations
The United Nations officially came into being on October 24, 1945. By that date a majority of the 50 countries that had signed the UN Charter in San Francisco on June 26, 1945, had ratified it in their national parliaments. The UN replaced the League of Nations, which had been created by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Canada, a participant at the San Francisco Conference (April 25 to June 26, 1945), is one of the founding members of the United Nations. -
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Provincial Notees
Newfoundland joins Canada
Canada "from sea to sea" became a reality in 1949 when Newfoundland joined Confederation. Although it was our newest province, its capital, St. John's, is the oldest city in Canada. -
Wars & Battles
Korean War Korean War, conflict between Communist and non-Communist forces in Korea from June 25, 1950, to July 27, 1953. At the end of World War II, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel into Soviet (North Korean) and U.S. (South Korean) zones of occupation. In 1948 rival governments were established: The Republic of Korea was proclaimed in the South and the People's Democratic Republic of Korea in the North. -
Big Six: Cause and Consequence
The pipeline bill was passed constructing a natural gas pipeline as there was a shortage in energy in Canada. The TransCanada is still runnin in present day, it transports natural gas throughout Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and Wuebec -
Provincial Notes
Foot and mouth disease in Saskatchewan -
Documents Acts & Treatments
Pipeline Bill\The Pipeline Debate, 8 May-6 June 1956, was one of the most famous confrontations in Canadian parliamentary history. Liberal Minister of Trade and Commerce C.D. Howe decided that a pipeline to carry natural gas from Alberta to central Canada was a national necessity. Howe argued that it must run entirely in Canada and deliver to Canadian consumers. The project required very large sums of capital and specialized products and expertise. -
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Documents Acts & Rights
Canadian Bill of Rights
The 1960 Canadian Bill of Rights was the country’s first federal law to protect human rights and fundamental freedom. Considered groundbreaking at the time, it was eventually superseded by the 1982 Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. -
Notable Events
First Nations people receive the right to vote -
Provincial Notes
Quiet Revolution in Quebec
The Quiet Revolution (Révolution tranquille) was a time of rapid change experienced in Québec during the 1960s. This vivid yet paradoxical description of the period was first used by an anonymous writer in The Globe and Mail. -
Big Six: Ethical Dimension
First Nation gained the right to vote. THe FN's finally fwelt welcomed in their own country as it had been taken over and them being the caretakers of the land had been pushed aside. They finally gained the ability to speak up and give their opinion -
Governors & Prime Ministers
CCF is replaced by NDP
The New Democratic Party (NDP) was founded in Ottawa in 1961 at a convention uniting the Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and affiliated unions of the Canadian Labour Congress (CLC) and also New Party clubs. -
Documents Acts & Treaties
War Measures Act
The War Measures Act was a federal statute adopted by Parliament in 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War. It gave broad powers to the Canadian government to maintain security and order during war or insurrection. -
Big Six: Continuity and Change
The time zones that run throughout the world were only possible b/c Sir Fleming came up of them and thats the reason why no matter where you go in the world you are capable of having precise timing. -
Big Six: Continuity and Change
Pierre Trudeau one of the greatest Prime Ministers of all time became prime minister and b/c of that his son now, Justin Trudeau has become PM of Canada -
Governors & Prime Ministers
Pierre Trudeau becomes Prime Minister -
Notable Events
CN-Tower is built in Toronto and known to be the world's tallest free standing structure -
Notable Events
Terry Fox begins "Marathon of Hope" to raise money for cancer -
Big Six: Continuity and Change
Terry Fox ran all throughout Canada trying to raise money for canada and even after he died several years later he is still recognized as a hero of Canada and people including kids run annualy for Terry Fox day -
Documents Acts & Treaties
Canada has a new Constitution, Charter of Rights -
Colonies & Settlements
Tamil refugees found in Newfoundland -
Provincial Notes
Meech Lake Accord
In 1987 the Progressive Conservative government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attempted to win Québec's consent to the revised Canadian Constitution — following the Québec government's rejection of it in 1981. -
Big Six: Ethcical Dimension
Roberta Bondar was the first courageous women to go to space and b/c of her abilityb ot do that, many women were encouraged to go to space as well -
Notable Events
Roberta Bondar, the first Canadian women in space -
Provincial Notes
Charlottetown Accord
The Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed, joint attempt by the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982. -
Governors & Prime Ministers
Kim Campbell becomes first female prime minister -
Documents Acts & Treaties
North America Free Trade agreement
