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Bibical story of creation, Artisan's doing God's work (Kaufman, J., 2010).
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Hindus (1500-900 BC), Confucius (551-479), and the Taoist and Buddhist. Creation was thought as having a natural cycle (i.e., yin and yang) (Kaufman, J., 2010)
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New Western perspective. Outside spirit involved and the individual, always a male, was the vesel for the spirit (Kaufman, J., 2010).
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Big shift in the Renaissane as there was great value placed in the artist and artisans. Focus on individual talents and abilities versus a divine spirit (Kaufman, J., 2010).
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Adam Smith (1723-1790) - rational view: science based
Jean-Jacques Roussea (1712-1778) - romanticism view: artists inner feelings -
Creativity took on a social value. Association with madness and fenzied inspiration (Kaufman, J., 2010). Enlightment an intellectual philosophy. Opened the door for free speech, freedom of the press, and the life of the individual (Kaufman, J., 2010).