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Reform Era: 1900 - 1970
During this period two goals existed - first, police attempted to remove politician control and to professionalize police. This allowed police to set standards in recruiting without political agendas. Quality of life for police officers, police training, and technology contributed towards a more centralized bureaucracy with a primary focus on crime control. Tension between police and the African Americans community was at an all time high. Oliver, W. (2006, March). The fourth era of policing -
Community Problem Solving Era: 1970 - 2001
During this period focused more on police and community relationships. Policing is more attentive to community concerns while police organization became decentralized. Berlin, M. M. (2013). Encyclopedia of Community Policing and Problem Solving. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage publications. -
Homeland Security Era: 2001 - Present
During this period in policing a transition occured from community policing to antiterrorism and counterterrorism. In fact, as a result of 9/11 the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services experienced budget cuts meanwhile Dept of Homelan Security seen substantial increase in budget allocations. Marion, N.E., & Oliver, W.M. (2006). The Public Policy of Crime and Criminal Justice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
