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First School Museum
The first school museum was opened in St. Louis and shortly after other cities in different states opened them too. Although these museums did not take place of the classroom learning, they were originally intended to be used as supplementary curriculum. -
The Motion Picture Projector
The motion picture projector was first used in school systems in New York and because quickly adopted for use in classroom settings around the country. -
The Radio
The radio was supposed to be the next big thing pertaining to an invention which would help boost learning, yet after it was introduced into a learning environment its role decreased drastically. -
Behavioral Learning Theory
B.F. Skinner developed the learning theory or behavior through his studies in psychology. It states that consequences of learning will help one learn and focus better. -
Training Films and Slide Projectors
Training films were important in learning, particularly for getting soldiers ready to battle in combat. The government created a division to oversee all training videos which were used for education for soldiers preparing to fight in wars. -
Evaluation and Testing
People use these methods to see what types of learning programs work most efficiently and which ones seem to be the most beneficial. -
The Educational Television
The TV was important to allow students to not only hear, but watch what they were learning. In the 1950's the use of televisions increased tremendously which has continued into modern times. -
Formative and Summative Evaluations
These procedures, created by Arthur Lumsdaine and Mark May, help show which instruction techniques work and how to help the techniques which are still a work in progress. The evaluations went through changes in the years following because they needed to become more vigorous which helped them test techniques which are still used in contemporary times. -
Criterion-Referenced Testing
This type of testing was used to display how well or poorly an individual could do a certain behavior regardless of how other test takers have done. It showed which students had successfully obtained the behaviors which were taught in the lesson. -
The Conditions of Learning
This book, written by Robert Gagne, was important because it displayed the different types of learning styles. Each style needed a different set of conditions which helped people learn in different manners. -
Instruction Improvement Centers
These centers helped teachers and facilitators with their design and instruction processes along with training different individuals for the job at hand. -
Cognitive Information Processing Theory
Atkinson and Shriffin created a theory which groups together the parts of your brain which help you learn and remember material. This information is moved and stored in the 3 different areas which is sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. -
ADDIE
Analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate. This concept of learning is based on systematic development which has existed in social communities for a long period of time. -
The Computer
The computer allowed for people to work with programs which took the place of instruction which would later open up online learning. It created an ability to do work at a faster pace as well. -
Theory of Instruction
Robert Gagne created a theory which focused on instruction and how the design of instruction can help the learning process. Different students call for different learning process which Gange's guidelines show instructors how to best design a class. -
Design Processes and Textbooks
These were created with the intention of affecting public schools even though after being implemented they did not have tons of practical use. Textbooks are always a good tool because they give tons of detail and provide necessary examples to learn. -
Constructivist Views of Teaching and Learning
These new views helped lead the field to use tools not only as instruction but to help enhance their learning such as computers. The use was labeled as more of an aid for improve job instead of strictly use for teaching. -
Schema Theory and Cognitive Load
This is how an individual's brain remembers long term information. It was founded by Sweller, and van Merrienboer which designed a plan to reduce the amount of stress which is placed on our long term memory. -
Constructivism
This theory of learning focuses on the learning and their ability to solve problems from the inside out -
Ten Steps to Complex Learning
This model was created by van Merrienboer and changed by Kirschner in later years. This approach starts from the beginning by doing small tasks to build up to completing a complex task. People that like doing things in order love to learning in this style. -
Online Learning
Taking online instruction became extremely popular in secondary and post secondary schools because of the ability to access material from anywhere especially with the rise in internet during this time. -
Pebble in the Pond Approach
This approach is focused on progression starting from the inside out which will help solve problems by working on small tasks first. This approach excels because it teaches the content first before starting a problem. -
Traditional Instructional Design Models
An ID model which was created by Dick, Carey and Carey which designs learning in a straight line with a series of boxes connected by line in a one way pattern. -
Informal Methods
Informal Methods was proven to work better than formal methods because it enhances learning and makes the performance of an individual better. They have a better use of their job and what to do when they get into the workplace. -
Social Media
These forms of media have transformed the way people learn because it connects one person with another who is across the globe. People can learn new information quickly which is why they are more commonly used in learning situations.