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World War I Ends
Standardized testing and increased high school enrollments were an outcome for education from WWI and the Great Depression. Youth were then pushed towards education instead of the labor market. Career academics began which later brings vocational education within schools. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Current research shows that African American children achieve more while reducing the achievement gap between their test scores against those of white and Asian students when schools are racially integrated (Kaplan, pg. 154). -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
ESEA introduced the federal Head Start programs to help economically disadvantaged homes prepare for school success along with Title 1 offering low-income children more help in reading and math. Even though these services did not narrow achievement gaps (Kaplan, pg. 164) this brought light to making schools about the students no matter their economic status. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142)
The ESEA ensured children with disabilities their basic educational rights. ESEA became IDEA and students with disabilities were included in general education classes while receiving free and appropriate education which an include IEP. Students with disabilities are able to engage in education like normally developing children. -
A Nation at Risk
According to a report the US was a nation at risk due to the fact students were scoring poorly on international tests. Since the schools were now held accountable for their standardized test scores, schools focused on low-scoring students who were mainly low-income students and students of color (Kaplan, pg. 163). A Nation at Risk forced schools to devote more time on low-income and students of color instead of focus mainly on white wealthy students making schools work as a unit.
