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Martin Luther wrote the Ninety-Five Theses. He mailed this critique of the Indulgences to the door of the University of Witterberg -
William Tyndale translated the New Testament into English -
Authority of clerge and the Pope were transfered to the king (Henri VIII) -
He funded the Anglican Church and he become the supreme head of the Church of England -
Publication of the Book of Common Prayer
(Roman Catholics practices were eradicated , the marriage of clergy was allowed ) -
Restauration of the Catholic Church under Mary I also call Bloody Mary (over 200 protestant were killed ) -
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Abolished the Autority Of the Pope , restored the authority of the Queen over the Church , she became "Supreme Governor of the Church of England" -
Every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer , People who did not attend on Anglican service were fined -
-stated the doctrine of the Church ,
- 3 important changes : a new ecclesiology, new doctrine of Salvation, new defintion of sacraments and of the mass ,
-Still in use today -
Mary Stuart was executed in 1587 in Fortheringham Castle because there were many plots against Elizabeth I where Mary Stuart attempt to the Throne of Elizabeth I -
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A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I. -
The King would receive a fixed sum. But some MPs feared the King would not need to call up parliaments anymore to get money (the king would be financially independent!)
The House of Commons refused to vote in favour of the Great Contract -- James dismissed Parliament -
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They requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial.
Wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his powers
Charles reluctantly signed it but was furious, and as MPs were discussing impeaching Lord Buckingham again, he suspended parliament seating. -
Declared that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom
as well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent -
11 years of Tyranny
11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament -
Scotland was Calvinist (Protestant too, but different religious practices /England)
The Kirk = the Church of Scotland
The General Assembly = the Kirk’s governing body
In 1637 King Charles I attempted to draw the Church of Scotland (Calvinist) into line with the Church of England (Anglican). Widespread public discontent. -
an important document voted by Parliament after heated debates.
It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands:
the right of the House of commons to choose the King’s ministers
the right for Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland
the right for Parliament to reform the Church -
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Charles surrendered to the Scots, who handed him to Parliament Thinking the war was over, the House of Commons decided to disband the New Model Army BUT without paying the soldiers what they were due (at that point they hadn’t being paid for months).
This led to mutiny. In June 1647, the New Model Army seized the King. -
the King escaped from army custody and allied himself with the Scots (he promised to introduce Presbyterianism/Calvinism into England, in return the Scottish army would invade England and restore him to power)
Horrified Parliament (using a foreign army to wage war on his own people!) and led to the Second Civil War -
Monarchy and House of Lords abolished, England was declared a Commonwealth (a republic). -
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Union Act between England and Ireland --> it create the United Kingdom of the England and Ireland