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Morphine and digitalis
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Supernatural spirits and demons.
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20 years
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Called upon the gods when disease occurred or used magic and medicinal plants to tread diseases.
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Priests who studies medicine and sugary in temple medical schools. Imhotep was the first physician.
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20-30 years
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Religion prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of body structure.
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Believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body.
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20-30 years
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He is called the father of medicine, developed an organized method I observe the human body.
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Dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy and believed that illness is a result of natural causes.
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25-35 years
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-Created aqueduct to carry clean water to the cities
-built sewers to carry waste materials away for the cities
-used filtering systems in public baths to prevent diseases
-drained marshes to reduce the incidence of malaria -
We’re religious and charitable institution housed in monasteries and convents
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25-30 years
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During the dark ages , after the fall of the Roman Empire, the study of medicine stopped because the monks and priests stressed prayer to treat illnesses.
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Prayer and Devine intervention were used to treat disease.
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20-30
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Physicians began learning at medical universities in the ninth century.
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A pandemic worldwide call the black death killed three out of four of the population in Europe and Asia.
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Diagnosed on observations of signs and symptoms of diseases.
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20- 35 years.
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Rebirth of the science of medicine.
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This allowed a better understanding of anatomy and physiology.
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Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci used dissection to draw the human body and made it look more realistic.
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30-40 years.
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The causes of disease were still not known many people died from infection, childbirth, and fever.
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Establish the use of ligatures to bind arteries to stop bleeding, improved treatment of fractures and promoted artificial limbs, and used boiling oil to cauterize wounds. The father of modern surgery was Paré.
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Found the Fallopian tubes in the female, and described the tympanic membrane of the ear.
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35-45 years.
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Identified the circulation of blood in the form of a heart.
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Invented the microscope.
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Made, prescribed, and sold medications.
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35-45 years.
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Created the first mercury thermometer.
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Prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent the disease scurvy.
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Developed a vaccination for smallpox.
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40-50 years.
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The first successful blood transfusion was performed in 1818 on humans by James Blundell.
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Became the first female physician in the United States.
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He was the founder of modern nursing by establishing sanitary nursing units during the Crimean war and opened a school and home for nurses at St. Thomas hospital in London and also began professional education.
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International Red Cross was founded in 1863
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Discovered roentgenograms (X-rays).
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40-60 years.
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Discovered penicillin.
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The first heart-lung machine was used fir a open-heart surgery.
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-The first liver transplant (1963)
-the first lung transplant (1964)
-the first heart transplant (1968) -
The first computerize axial tomography scan was developed.
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The first “test tube” baby was borne in England named, Louise Brown.
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60-70 years.