greece

◦Darius I Invades Greece

549 BCE

Darius was responsible for more than just the expansion of the empire. He also centralized the administration of the empire, encouraged cultural and artistic pursuits, introduced legal reforms, and developed juridical systems.

Death of Pericles

495 BCE

Pericles transformed his city’s alliances into an empire and graced its Acropolis with the famous Parthenon. His policies and strategies also set the stage for the devastating Peloponnesian War.

Greeks Defeat Persians at Marathon

490 BCE

The Athenians’ feelings are best expressed by Aeschylus, who fought in the Persian wars, in his tragic play The Persians: “On, sons of the Hellenes! Fight for the freedom of your country!

Battle of Salamis

480 BCE

the Greek navy, which had managed to get away from Artemisium, stayed on the isle of Salamis, opposite Athens. The presence of the enemy close to Phaleron, the Athenian harbor, created a strategic problem for the Persians.

◦Thirty Years Peace Between Argos and Sparta Begins

446 BCE

Greece make peace with Argos and Sparta for thirty years because of another wars started or an breakout wars.

◦Death of Pericles

429 BCE

Pericles was born into one of Athens’ leading families. His father Xanthippus was a hero of the Persian War and his mother belonged to the culturally powerful Alcmaeonidae family.

End of the Peloponnesian War

405 BCE

In the 5th century BCE Sparta and Athens were the two major powers in Greece and it was perhaps inevitable that their spheres of influence would overlap and cause conflict.

◦Athens Invades Megara

441

Pericles and an army of five thousand infantrymen supported by fifty ships returned to Euboea and subdued the entire island.

Battle of Thermopylae

480

Learning of Persian intentions, the Greek city-states began making preparations for war. Though possessing a weak army, Athens began building a large fleet of triremes under the guidance of Themistocles