-
Period: Oct 12, 1492 to
Modern History
The Modern Age is the third of the historical periods in which world history is conventionally divided, between the 15th and 18th centuries. Its beginning can begin with the fall of Constantinople (1453) or with the discovery of America (1492), and it can end in the French Revolution (1789) or with the independence of the United States (1776). -
John Kay’s flying shuttle
The flying shuttle was a key contribution to the Industrial Revolution.
Only one weaver to much weaves fabrics, and it could be mechanized, creating for automatic machine looms. -
Period: to
First Industrial Revolution
It was the process to new manufacturing processes in Europe and EEUU. -
James Watt’s steam engine
The steam engine use the power from steam to generate continous movement, that is transferred to machinery.
-Water is headed in a boiler by burning coal. The resulting high-pressure steam fills a closed chamber know as a steam chamber.
-The front end of the chamber contains a cylinder with a piston. The steam cools down in a condenser, and a resulting change in pressure pushes the piston and rod black down.
-A crankshaft and connecting rod system convert that create a reciprocating motion. -
Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of Nations
Adam Smith, a philosopher, wrote this book to describe the industrialized capitalist system that was upending the mercantilist system. -
Invention of the power loom
The power loom was dramatically increased fabric production and lowered its cost -
Estates-General meeting
The meeting was chaired by the king and made up of the representatives of the nobility, clergy and the Third Estate, the Third Estate representatives decided to leave meeting when the privileged classes refused allow them greater representation and insisted on one vote per estate rather than one per representative.
https://youtu.be/qiW4ZyPL5Kw -
Tennis Court Oath
The representatives of the Third Estate met in a pavilion in Versailles and proclaimed themselves the National Assembly. They pledged to draft a constitution that reflected the will of the majority of French people.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmKGNcTNg2Y -
Period: to
Contemporary History
Contemporary history is the last period of universal history, it begins with the French Revolution (1789) or the independence of the United States (1776) and continues to this day -
Period: to
Constitutional monarchy
In the first phase of the revolution, the moderate bourgeoisie tried to reach an agreement with the king and the privileged classes to make France a constitutional and parliament monarchy. -
Period: to
French Revolution
The French Revolution abolish the Ancient Régime by a constitutional monarchy, which was changed by a social republic... -
Storming of the Bastille
The people of Paris supported the Assembly's proposals and, they stormed the Bastille which was used as a prision. The revolution spread to the countryside, where nobles' homes were burnt (the Great Fear).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiTXftPAB8g -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The National Constituent Assembly created the "Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen" which defined individual and collective rights at the time of the French Revolution.
Most of the population was not included like women.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtZVyhonjn8 -
Women’s March on Versailles
The womens in Paris equipped with weapons and tools, marched to Versailles where the royal family lived. They protested against the shortage of bread and demanded the king sing the decree abolishing manorialism.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8yTjF1oB8k -
First French constitution
The moderate bourgeoisie wants a constitution based on the separation of powers, national sovereignty and legal equality, thought the king reserved the right of veto. Census suffrage was also introduced, giving the vote to people with a certain level of wealth.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FpeWSFTFRk -
Storm of Tuileries Palace
The storming of the Tuileries Palace finished the Constitutional Monarchy to started the Social Republic.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XZuEKGuHzcI -
Period: to
Girondin Convention
There was a politic group of the National Assembly who was formed by a lot of Gironda people -
Period: to
Social Republic
The radical bourgeoisie, encouraged by the working classes, proclaimed thevRepublic and began a transformation into a democratic and equal society with universal male suffrage and social laws. -
Execution of Louis XVI
The Girondins controlled the Republic. A new assembly, the National Convention, was elected by universal male suffrage. The king and queen were convited of treason and executed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mkIkTmUTL0 -
Period: to
Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror was imposed to stop conspirators. -
Period: to
Jacobin Convention
The Jacobins was the most radical sector of the bourgeoisie, endorsed the demands of the popular sectors and seized power. The revolution had now entered its most extreme phase. A new constitution that recognised popular sovereignty and the right to social equality was enacted. The executive was lead by a Committee of Public Safety, which gave power to the Jacobin leader Robespierre. -
Period: to
Conservative Republic
The moderate bourgeoisie took back control of the revolution and it entered its third and final phase. jacobins laws were cancelled and exiles from the Reign of Terror were encouraged to return. A new Constitution granted executive power to a collegial goverment, know as the Directory, and restored census suffrage. -
War of the First Coalition
It is a set of wars by a lot of European powers to France.
They were only are allied and fought without much apparent coordination ; each power had its eye on a different part of France it wanted to appropriate after a French defeat, which never occurred
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33pu4g9bm0s -
Period: to
The Consulate
It was the goverment of France from the fall of the directory in the Coup of Brumaire to the Napoleonic empire. -
Coup of 18th Brumaire
The Coup of 18th Brumaire who put a Napoleón Bonaparte in emperor. He finished with the Freench Revolution.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3cFbxVCMtjQ -
Constitution of 1800
The Constitution of 1800 of the new political system didn't include the separation of powers or a declaration of rightsand liberties were very limited and public opinion was censured -
Napoleon crowned emperor
In 1803 Napoleon was crowed emperor by the Pope. -
Period: to
The Napoleonic Empire
Napoleon began his conquest of Europe and in 1804 he was crowned emperor by the Pope. His army enabled him to defeat most European monarchies. When we won against Austria the French troops seemed unsoptable. -
Treaty of Fontainebleau
It was a treaty that allowed French troops to pass through Spain to invade Portugal, an ally of British. -
Invasion of Spain and Joseph Bonaparte crowned king
France invaded Spain and the brother of Napoleon, Joseph was made king and in 1811, the Napoleonic Empire had reached its zenith: it extended from Germany to Spain and France now controlled most of Europe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SMXT6dTwEo -
Period: to
War of Independence
There was a war where Spain fought for their independence.
There was 3 main phases:
1-Popular resistence (1808)
2- French offensive (1808-1812)
3- Anglo-Spanish victories (1812-1814) -
Abdications of Bayonne
When Napoleon invaded Spain and persuaded the spanish monarchy to give the crown for him brother Joseph, this was the Abdications of Bayonne. -
Period: to
Luddite movement
Ludditeswas the British weavers and textile workers who objected to the introduction of mechanised looms and knitting frames. the new machinery posed a threat to their livelihood and after receiving no support from government, they do the work for don't lost their work.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJjLkSVSC_0 -
1812 Spanish Constitution
The 1812 Spanish Constitution was the first constitution in Spain, this stablish national sovereignty, the separations of powers, universal male suffrage and recognised broad individual freedoms. -
Treaty of Valençay
With this tereaty Spain returned the crown to their king, Ferdinard VII. -
Manifiesto de los Persas
It was the support of absolutist to Ferdinard VII to repealed the 1812 Constitution and the reforms proposed by the Cádiz Cortes and Spain returned to absolutism. -
Period: to
The Restoration of absolutism
Austrian Chancellor Metternich, who was the organiser of the Congress of Vienna, wanted to stop the spread of liberal ideas and restore absolutism in Europe. -
Period: to
Reign of Ferdinand VII
When Ferdinard VII returned to Spain he restored the absolutism.
We can divide it into 3 periods.
1- Six years of absolutism (1814-1820)//
2- The Liberal Triennium (1820-1823)//
3- The ominous Decade (1823-1833)// -
Battle of Waterloo
The imperial armies were finally defeated in Waterloo by Grat Britain and Prussia. Napoleon abdicated after the defeat and was sent into exile on the Island of Saint Helena. -
Congress of Vienna and Holy Alliance Treaty
The powers which defeated Napoleon met at the Congress of Vienna to restore absolutism in Europe.
The four great powers, after restoring monarchs in their thrones, reshaped the European map to their advantage and France returned to its borders in 1792.
The Congress of Vienna established the ideological principles of the Restoration.
In 1815 the Holly Alliance Treaty was signed. It said that the monarchs would unite against liberal ideas.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuVw9sGpWUc -
Pronunciamiento of Colonel Rafael del Riego
Rafael del Riego led a pronunciamiento in Cabezas de San Juan (Seville) tahat was sucessful so the king was forced to reinstare de 1812 Constitution. -
Period: to
Greek War of Independence
Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire for centuries. The greeks had to pay taxes, were excluded from state jobs and they felt dominated by other people who was different culture and religion.
In 1822 the Greeks declared the independence in Epidarus, but the Turks didn't recognise it, as a resulted started a war. France and Great Briant supported the Greeks because they considered the cradle of European culture.
In 1830 Greece got its independence.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApceqsS5tQE -
Holy Alliance intervention: Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis
Ferdinard VII felt intimidaded by the liberals, so he called a coalition of absolutist monarchs in Europe(Holy Alliance) that sent a troop called the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis that restored absolutism. -
Abolishment of the Combination Acts
The Combination Acts forbade societies a political reform, the interference in trade was prohibited but around 1815 people was disgusted with this laws and in 1824 Huskisson abolish the laws. -
Stephenson’s Steam locomotive
The steam locomotive used a steam engine to generate continuous motion of the wheels.
This system of transport could carry more passengers and goods in less time and at a low cost. This improvement boosted trade and helped create a large domestic market.
The steam engine was also used in sailing ships, and, later, in steamships, which made transatlantic crossing faster. -
Revolutions of 1830
In 1830 there was a revolution because the Congress of Vienna didn't respect the nationalism and the liberal ideas of some European peoples. The movement started in France when Charles X was succeeded Louis XVIII, who was replaced by Louis Philippe I called the "Citizen king" because he was the first constitutional monarch.
In 1831 a new revolt broke out in Poland. It was under the Russian Empire, but was supressed by the tsarist army.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCxT4TTl-fY -
Period: to
The Age of the revolutions (1830-1848)
Between 1830 and 1848 there were some revolutions because people wanted freedom and liberal ideas because some governments dind't respect them.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO8bFJSQ9f0 -
Period: to
The Belgian Revolution
Belgium was made part of the Kingdom of Holland by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which then became the Kingdom of the Netherlands, but the spread of liberal ideas helped the Belgian revolution, and Belgium became a liberal monarchy ruled by Leopold I. The armed conflict followed Belgium's declaration of independence which finally ended when the Netherlands regognised Belgium's independence in 1839.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdQgLMz539M -
Grand National Consolidated Trades Union
the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union, which brought together different types of workers. Its first tasks were to defend the right of association, to reduce the working day, to improve wages and to regulate child labour. -
Zollverein
Zollverein was a customs union created by Prussia that united the majority of Germanic states.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHRmLYqwqhM -
Period: to
Reign of Isabella II
When Isabella II was proclaimed queen with 13 years happened a lot of things. We can divide it into 4 periods.
1- The regency of Espartero (1840-1843)
2- The Moderate Decade (1843-1854)
3- The Progressive Biennium (1854-1856)
4- The system in decline (1856-1868) -
1845 Constitution
When the Moderate Liberal Party led by Narváez remainded in power the Cortes adopted a moderate Constitution, The 1845 Constitution, with census suffrage, limited in civil liberties and with the power divided into the Crown and teh Cortes. -
Revolutions of 1848
The revolutions of 1848 ("the Spring of Nations") showed how countries under the control of empires wanted to pursue the idea of nationalism and the creation of new liberal governments.
In the Austruian empire the revolt was liberal and the revolution forced chancellor Metternich to resign.There were also nationalism uprising in other territories.
In France it was proclaimed the 2nd Republic which adopted a number of democratic measures -
Period: to
French Second Republic (1848 – 1852)
In France, a popular uprising proclaimed the Second Republic, which adopted a number of democratic measures, such as universal male suffrage, press freedom, abolition of the death penalty and recognition of certain rights for workers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuhtwuuvwRE -
Period: to
Enclosure Acts
It was a series of laws taht were passed by the Bristish Parliament to authorise a process which led to a concentration of land ownership. -
Invention of the Bessemer converter
The Bessemer converter made it possible to manufacture steel. This was a more flexible material, ideal for constructing machinery, tools, buildings and public works. -
Period: to
Italian Unification process
In 1859 in Piedmont started a unification process with the liberal monarchy of Savoy governed by the Prime Minister Cavour. They declared the war on Austria and annexed Lombardy , In 1861 Victor Manuel II of Savoy was proclaimed king of Italy and in 1866 Austria left Venetia and in 1870 Italy annexed the Papal States.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjFscoiE8eI -
Period: to
German Unification process
In 1861, the first moves towards a united Germany were made by Wilhem I became king of Prussia and made Otto Von Bismarck chancellor. Prussia declared the war on Denmark in 1864, on Austria in 1866, and on France in 1870. Prussia won the three wars, making the unification of Germany possible.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kh5rnuMxDjw -
First International
Marxists, anarchist and trade unions joined, but the ideological differences between them made it unworktable and it split in 1876.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kURDI8lzPIw -
Karl Marx publishes Das Kapital
It was a phylosofic, economic and politic book wrote by Karl Marx.
With this book Marx wants to critice capitalism and show other economic and social system. -
1837 Constitution
In 1837 it was proclaimed a Constitution by Espartero´s authoritarian ideas and his introduction of free trade measures that were damaging to the emerging Spanish industry created strong opposition. -
Start of the monarchy of Amadeo of Savoy
Amadeo of Savoy was a liberal king who governed Spain from 1870 to 1873. He was supported by proggresist, unionist and democrats, but he had two strongs opponents: the moderates and somo representatives of the Church who remainded the Bourbon dynastie. -
Proclamation of the First Republic
When Amadeo I abdicated in February 1813, the Cortes voted as Republic, but it was a failure, son it finished in 1874.
The republic had 4 presidents: Figueras, Pi y Margall, Salmerón and Catelar. -
Period: to
Reign of Alfonso XII
In 1874 restored the Bourbon monarchy so General Martinez Campos proclaimed Alfonso XII, son of Isabella II, king who died in 1885. -
Second International
The Marxist founded the Second International to coordinate the various socialist parties. The Second International established some identy symbols of the labour movement, such as anthem "The internationale" and the 1 May holiday. -
Period: to
First Carlist War
The First Carlist War began in the Basque Country and, despite having experienced commanders like Zumalacárregui, the Carlists were defeated by the Liberal army of General Espartero.
