-
1517
The Ninety-Five Theses
He wrote the famous text that marks the start of the European Reformation -
1526
Tyndale Bible
William Tyndale translated the New Testament into English. -
1529
the Pope rejected Henry’s petition for a divorce
Henry VIII wanted to divorce for 3 reasons:
1. His wife’s failure to bear a son (only one surviving
daughter: Mary Tudor)
2. Her support of the Habsburgs, when Henry wanted
an alliance with France
3. He was in love with Anne Boleyn -
1534
Act of Supremacy
The king was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England” -
Period: 1534 to
Frise Histoire
-
1536
Pilgrimage of Grace
The dissolution process was interrupted by rebellions in Yorkshire
and Lincolnshire.These were the greatest rebellions ever faced by a Tudor monarch. They lasted 6 months -
1549
Book of Common Prayer
Roman Catholic practices were eradicated.The marriage of clergy was allowed.
The imposition of the Prayer Book led to rebellions in Cornwall and Devon. -
1553
Mary I first Queen of England
In 1553, Mary I (Tudor) became the first Queen of England -
1555
Bloody Mary
Protestantism was confined to secrecy as heretics were burned between 1555 and 1558.
Under Mary’s brief reign, over 200 Protestants went to the stake -
1558
Elizabeth 1 became Queen of England
-
1559
The Act of Supremacy
Abolished the authority of the Pope restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
She became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”. -
1559
The Virgin Queen
Marriage became a strictly diplomatic instrument, negotiations never actually coming to an end.
Fixed alliance seen as too dangerous: most of the foreign Kings were Catholic -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
Rebellion against religious reforms.
6000 insurgents.
An attempt to replace Queen Elizabeth by Mary, Queen of Scots.
The revolt was led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland. -
1570
The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth
-
1581
Act to retain the Queen’s Majesty’s Subjects in their due Obedience
It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary
Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered
by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a
coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
Under Elizabeth, a new fleet was constructed: modern fleet of 800 ships
Invention of a new strategy by England: line battle
Used the Dutch strategy of incendiary ships a human advantage on the side of England recruiting efforts had been made: many
more sailors -
The Golden Age
Virginia became the 1st permanent English settlement in North America named after the Virgin Queen -
King James I of England and VI of Scotland
Crowned King of England in
1603 on Elizabeth’s death -
The Gunpowder plot
A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up, Parliament and kill James I. -
Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia
-
Virginia
permanent colony -
The Starving Time
Period of starvation, only 60 of the 500 colonists survived -
“Great Contract”
The King would receive a fixed sum/some MPs feared the King would not need to call up parliaments/the king would be financially independent/The House of Commons refused/James dismissed Parliament -
King James’ Bible
a new English translation of the Bible -
The Thirty Years’ War
Parliament did not favour a direct military attack on the Spanish forces/James tore the Commons’ Protestation and dissolved Parliament. -
James I died
-
King Charles I
-
PROBLEM 1: War
The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648):
Military defeats/England at war with Spain and France/A huge strain on finances -
PROBLEM 2: Finances
The right to collect custom duties for life. But MPs only did so for a year/Charles dissolved Parliament to protect Lord Buckingham/recognise that there were limits to his powers. -
Three Resolutions
Declared that whoever tried to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom/Charles imprisoned these MPs and dissolved parliament. Start of the “Personal Rule” -
The Personal Rule
11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament/ “The Eleven Years Tyranny” -
The Scottish crisis
New Prayer Book : The changes were deemed unacceptable. -
Scottish National Covenant
Scottish General Assembly removed the bishops : act of open rebellion
Scotland and England both started to form an army : The Bishops’ Wars -
The Short Parliament
For the first time in 11 years Charles called a parliament needing money to fight, Charles dissolved it after only 3 weeks. -
Peace Treaty/Treaty of Ripon
The Scots invaded England and emerged victorious, forced to pay the cost of the Scots’ army -
The Grand Remonstrance of 1641
It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands. -
The First Civil War
-
War on Parliament
On 22 August 1642, Charles formally declared war on Parliament. -
A new army
This was a national, centralized army, controlled and paid from Westminster rather than the counties -
The King and the Royalists surrendered
-
New Model Army seized the King
-
The Second Civil War
The Second Civil War was made of a series of revolts in
the South of England, Wales and Scotland -
England was declared a Commonwealth
-
King Charles I was executed
-
Cromwell defeated the Scots Army
-
The Instrument of Government
England’s first and only written constitution -
Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament
-
the English invaded Jamaica
-
Cromwell died
-
Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda
A general amnesty//To continue religious toleration/To share power with Parliament : in return for the restoration of monarchy. -
The Restoration
-
The act of uniformity
All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer -
Plague
-
Great Fire of London
-
The Popish Plot
plot organised by the French to murder Charles II -
The Exclusion crisis
Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne -
Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II
-
The Glorious Revolution
James II fled to France and William became King William III -
The Bill of Rights/Constitutional Monarchy
-
The Act of Settlement
Ensured a Protestant succession -
William died
-
Final defeat of the Jacobites
-
Declaration of Independence
-
British Empire
colonies in North America/trading posts in India/Britain's defeat in the American War of Independence meant
the loss of the American colonies -
Treaty of Paris
-
French Revolution
-
Acts of Union
Created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland