-
Napoleon
Born 1769 in Corsica, was a noble and was talented, he gained a scholarship to military school. He was the one who technically ended the revolution and preserved the best parts for France and Europe. He started off as a Lieutenant of a small unit and moved up the scale from there. He was put in charge of the invasion of Britain, but then decided to attack Egypt instead. He then decided to make a triumvirate with two other men, who made themselves Consuls for life. He ended up being exiled. -
Estates General
King Louis XVI wanted to raise taxes but Parliament refused and forces Louis to called the Estates General; collection of all three estates. -
Great Fear
Peasants rebelled to help the Assembly because they wanted their feudal obligations gone. They did this by raiding the lords home, killing the lord and his family, and destroying the feudal contracts -
Virtue changes
There were three different groups. Some wanted the king dead, while some wanted the king to stay in power but be weakened, and the others wanted a strong king. -
War
Many other countries we scared about revolutions happening in their countries after France. France declared war on Austria after Austria threatened France. This created more problems with France and economically destroyed their country. -
Tennis Court Oath
3rd Estates wants to make a constitution but are locked out of Versailles, so they went to an indoor tennis court and made an oath to stay there until one was made. -
National Assembly
3rd Estate made themselves the National Assembly, and that is why they were locked out of the meeting in Versailles which led to the Tennis Court Oath -
Bastille Day
900 Parisians stormed the Bastille to get weapons and kill the King, but there weren't any weapons so they freed the prisoners and killed the warden. -
August Decrees
The August Degrees were political documents created in August of 1789. One of the degrees was made on August 4, when the National Assembly abolished the legal privilege of the first two Estates. Another document was the Declaration of the Rights of Man on August 26. This Declaration gave free speech and press and reflected many Enlightenment ideas. -
Women's March
October 5th women went to the market to find that there was no bread, so they and other revolutionaries marched to Versailles to get the king. -
Constitution of 1791
This was the first of several constitutions and it created a limited monarchy. It made it so that there was still a king but the Legislative Assembly would make the laws. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Declaration of the Rights of Man was a part of the August Decrees. It happened on August 26, 1789, and was inspired by the English Bill of Rights, the Declaration of Independence, and the United States’ Constitution. This Declaration gave free speech and press and reflected Enlightenment ideas by saying that all men are free and equal. It also said that political positions should be based off of talent, not status. -
September Massacre
People of France were getting angry with their king. A new minister of justice, Georges Danton, led the attacks on the king by the Sans-Culottes and forced the Legislative Assembly to call the National Convention. Violence erupted leaving thousands dead. -
Austrian War
Austria threatened France and France responded by declaring war on them. On August 10, 1792, a mob attacked the royal palace and the Legislative Assembly. They took the king captive, called for a National Convention, and demanded bread and a new constitution. -
Rise of the Sans Culotte's
A new mob was created called the "Sans- Culottes" and they came along during this revolution. They helped drive the revolution and became a very powerful group that led to the Rise of Napoleon. -
French Republic
The National Convention was called to draft a new constitution. They ran the country and soon abolished the monarchy and set up the French Republic. -
Death of the King
Jacobins wanted the king dead, but the Girondins wanted him alive. The Jacobins get what they want on January 21, 1793, when the king was beheaded with the guillotine. -
Committee of Public Safety/ Robespierre
CoPS gained broad powers in response to external and internal issues. This was when a new figure, Robespierre, rose. It also led to the Reign of Terror. The Committee of Public Safety was the reason for the Jacobins not getting their constitution. Robespierre got more power from the Law of Prairial and was arrested and executed July 28, 1894. -
Reign of Terror
Reign of Terror was October 1793- July 1794 and was led by Robespierre who was the leader of the Jacobins. It was started to crush opposition to the revolution. There were then two types of people, you were either a revolutionary or a traitor. The first victim of the RoT was Marie Antoinette. Many were killed by the guillotine or execution and many were imprisoned. -
Thermidorian Reaction
This was the end of the Reign of Terror, the peasants wanted religion again because they were devout Catholics. They still didn’t get what they wanted. The Jacobins tried passing a new constitution in 1793, but weren’t able to because of the Committee of Public Safety. -
Directory
Two houses were created, Council of 500 and Council of Elders. The Directory was the executive. Royalist and radicalists were still around and the Sans-Culottes had a Prairial Uprising in 1795. To help, the Directory sent troops to put it down. -
Coup d'état
A sudden overthrow of the government by Napoleon. France had this when they were spending to much money on wars. -
Consul
Triumvirate; 3. Napoleon and two others made themselves consuls for life. 1799, the two men, wanted to overthrow the Directory and need Napoleon's help. -
Louisiana Purchase/Bread
France sold the Louisiana Purchase to America in order to get money to feed the people with bread. -
Empire
In 1804, Napoleon declared that France was now an empire and that he was the new Emperor. He had an election and most people voted for him. However, his empire didn't last very long because he tried to invade Britain and use the Continental System but neither of them worked. -
Civil Code
France wanted an organized legal code compared to the 300 different systems it had pre-revolution. -
Wars 1807-1812
France was the best of Europe after defeating everybody else. Napoleon's empire consisted of three major parts; the French Empire, Dependent States, and Allied States. -
1812- Russia
Russia didn't like what Napoleon was doing so he invaded. He had two options, invade a large country or let their defiance go unpunished. He took 600,000 men to Russia because he need a win. But then Russia refused to fight. -
1814 Exile
In 1814, Napoleon lost power. So Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba. Three months later he came back to France with the support of his people, built an army, and was ready to attack Belgium. -
1815 Waterloo/Exile
Fight with British and Prussia who are commanded by the Duke of Wellington
