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Black Codes
the Black Codes were laws passed by Democrat-controlled Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Sharecropping is a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. Sharecropping has a long history and there are a wide range of different situations and types of agreements that have used a form of the system. -
13th amendement
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
14th Amendement
All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. -
15th Amendment
the right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Lynching
after slavery was abolished, lynching emerged as a vicious tool of racial control to reestablish white supremacy and suppress black civil rights. More than 4,000 african americans were lynched across 20 different states between 1877 and 1950. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
A landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court decided in 1896. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. -
20th Amendment
The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. -
Federal Housing Authority
The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) is a United States government agency created in part by the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders building. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
Desegregation
the ending of a policy of racial segregation. -
Brown V. Ferguson
A United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Non-Violence Protest
During the 1950s and 1960s, the nonviolent protesting of the Civil Rights Movement caused definite tension, which gained national attention. -
Rosa Parks
A pioneer of the Civil Rights Movement, arrested for sitting on the white section of a bus. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in the U.S. The boycott of public buses by blacks in Montgomery began on the day of Parks’ court hearing and lasted 381 days. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
primarily a voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. -
Orval Faubus
An American politician who served as 36th Governor of Arkansas. The national symbol of racial segregation when he used Arkansas National Guardsmen to block the enrollment of nine black students who had been ordered by a federal judge to desegregate Little Rock's Central High School. -
Sit-Ins
A sit-in is a form a protest where you occupy a specific space. The well known sit in is the greensboro sit in which took place in North Carolina which led to a department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the southern united states. -
AffIrmative Action
an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination. -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez was an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. -
civil disobedience
In spite of the violence of the action. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, and Rosa Parks, and other activists in the American Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s used civil disobedience techniques -
Betty Friedan
broke new ground by exploring the idea of women finding personal fulfillment outside of their traditional roles. She also helped advance the women's rights movement as one of the founders of the National Organization for Women. With her book The Feminine Mystique -
Martin Luther King Jr.
An African-American political leader of the twentieth century; the most prominent member of the civil rights movement. gave the "i have a dream" speech . -
Civil rights act of 1964
a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Upward Bound
Upward Bound is a federally funded educational program within the United States. The program is one of a cluster of programs now referred to as TRIO, all of which owe their existence to the federal Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 -
24th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax. -
George Wallace
George C. Wallace was a four-time governor of Alabama and three-time presidential hopeful. He is best remembered for his 1960s segregationist politics. He led a "stand-in the schoolhouse door" to prevent two black students, Vivian Malone and James Hood, from enrolling at the University of Alabama, until the National Guard intervened. -
Veteran rights act of 1965
signed by President Johnson on October 31, 1965, provides a lo- percent increase in compensation payments to all veterans with a service-connected disability. -
Headstart
a program for poor preschoolers, set up by the Elementary and Secondary Edu Act of 1965, which was designed to prepare them for elementary school and it gave nutritious meals and medical exams. Great Society. President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. -
Lester Maddox
am american politician who served as the 75th governor of Georgia. He was a staunch segregationist, refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, first African-American justice. -
Hector P. Garcia
Dr. Hector Perez Garcia was an advocate for Hispanic-American rights during the Chicano movement. He was the first Mexican-American member of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission and was awarded the Medal of Freedom. sworn in as a “COMMISSIONER” of the United States Commission on Civil Rights. -
26th Amendment
the right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age -
Title 9
Title IX of the Education Amendments is enacted by Congress and is signed into law by Richard Nixon. Title IX of the Education Amendments is enacted by Congress and is signed into law by Richard Nixon.
