-
Civil disobedience
Refusal to comply with certain laws. As a peaceful form of political protest. -
13th amendment
Abolished slavery. Also abolished involuntary servitude. -
Black codes
Laws passed after the Civil War. Had the intent of restricting African Americans freedom. Compelled them to work in a labor economy based on low wages. -
14th amendment
All persons born in the US are citizens. -
15th amendment
Prohibits denial of voting rights. Especially based on race or color. -
Sharecropping
Landowners divide land up and give workers tools. When the crops are harvested half of the profit goes to the owner of the land.Once their debts are paid they have no money left and have to sharecrop another year. -
Plessy v Ferguson
"Separate but equal." The Supreme Court ruled that it wasn't violating the 14th amendment. Made segregation legal. -
Jim Crow laws
Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes prohibited them from voting. -
Federal housing administration
United States government agency created in part by the National Housing Act of 1934. Sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Hector P Garica
He founded the American GI Forum. Helped minority veterans obtain the same benefits other veterans received. -
Brown v Board of education
Overturned Plessy v Ferguson. "Separate but equal" was unequal and unconstitutional. Helped with the civil rights movement. -
Desegregation
Ending the policy of racial segregation. All races are able to be in the same places without laws. -
Lynching
To kill someone by hanging. Usually for an alleged offense. With or without trial. -
Rosa Parks
Civil rights leader. Refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white man. Triggered the national civil rights movement. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Happened after Rosa Parks was arrested. Martin Luther King led a boycott of busses. The Supreme Court ruled that segregation on public transport was illegal. -
Civil rights act of 1957
Primarily a voting rights bill. First civil rights legislation acted by the republicans. -
Orval Faubus
Arkansas governor. Used the Arkansas National Guard to stop 9 African American kids from going to an all white school. -
Sit-Ins
A group of people occupying a space as a form of protest. To promote political, social, or economic change. -
Affirmative action
Commonly known as employment equity. The policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffers or has suffered from discrimination. -
Cesar Chavez
Founded the National Farm Workers Association. Merged with another organization to become the United Farm Workers. He improved conditions for farm workers. -
George Wallace
American politician. 4 time governor of Alabama. Ran for president. "Segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." -
Betty Friedan
A leading figure in the women's movement. She wrote a book called "The Feminine Mystique." Her book is often credited with sparking the second wave of feminism. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Civil rights leader. Opposed discrimination again African Americans. Organized non violent protests. Won the Nobel Peace Price. -
Lester Maddox
Refused to serve 3 black college students at his restaurant. He reserved his restaurant for exclusively whites. -
Civil rights act of 1964
Outlaws discrimination based off of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. One of the achievements of the civil rights movement. -
Head start
Preschool program for children from low-income families. Also provides healthcare, nutrition services, and social services. -
Upward bound
Program that provides high school students better opportunities to attend college. Targeted students who lived in low income households, have parents who didn't attend college, or live in rural areas. -
Voting rights act of 1965
Closely followed the 15th amendment. It stated a prohibition against the denial of the right to vote on the literary tests. -
Thurgood Marshall
American civil rights lawyer. First African American Supreme Court justice. Advocate for rights of minorities and poor. -
Title IX
"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." -
Non violent protest
The practice of achieving social change through symbolic protests. The act of expressing disapproval through a statement or action without the use of violence. -
19th amendment
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." -
20th amendment
"The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified" -
24th amendment
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged" -
26th amendment
"The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age."
