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Jim Crow Laws
Unspoken laws that were applied to everyone that was coloured. These laws had ludicrous rules that you had to follow in order to not be punished. One such was not even being able to look at a white person directly. -
Black Codes
African Americans were forced into some form of labor. They were not allowed to have any voting rights, nor were they allowed to have any sort of property either. -
13th Amendment
Slavery or any form of unwilling service isn't allowed unless rightfully convicted and served as some form of rational justice. I.E public/community service. -
14th Amendment
Anyone born within the United States is legally considered a citizen. No rights will be revoked from those by any city or state unless any injustice has been done. -
15th Amendment
The right to vote can't be taken away from you no matter what your race or colour is. The only limitation being that you have to be 18 years of age. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
A court case settled by stating that both whites and blacks are "separate but equal." This wasn't true as the areas that the blacks had been given were much lower in quality as compared. This caused an uproar in the African American community. -
19th Amendment
No matter what your gender or sex is, you have the legal right to vote. This was a huge step in the US government and women greatly appreciated it. -
20th Amendment
The end of someone's terms as President or Vice President will always be on the 20th of January. The 3rd day of January is whenever Senators or Representatives will officially end their own terms. -
Federal Housing Authority
It ensures that some loans can be given out for anyone trying to build a house. This is also assured for people trying to purchase a house as well. -
Nonviolent Protest
An act of protest that involves civil disobedience, or peaceful gatherings of people. One of the first known non-violent protests was a sit-in at a cafe in Chicago. -
Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
Share cropping would be when former slaves had to share land and whatever crops that they had grown with their previous owners to get some share. Tenant farming is where the former slave would work on the farm and got little to no profit from it -
Desegregation
The ending of a separation of groups known as "races." The military was desegregated from all the rules that were known in the southern states. -
Brown v. Ferguson
This was a decision made to say that the whole idea of "Separate but equal" was entirely unconstitutional. Afterwards they made it to where that the coloured people and white people have to share the same sort of facilities, although this wasn't largely accepted by the South. -
Orval Faubus
The governor of Arkansas, best known for wanting to keep schools segregated. Had Eisenhower send over US troops to escort student to school. -
Rosa Parks
Civil Rights activist for the African Americans, also one of the many huge part-takers in the NAACP, worked along side MLK Jr. While she wasn't the first to protest against the segregated system, her case was the most famous of them known. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
It was a political showcase of the African Americans that were standing up against segregation. A huge figure in this even was Rosa Parks with her arrest for not giving up her own seat to a white after being asked for it. -
Civil Disobedience
Some of the people who were against segregation refused to pay taxes or any fines that they were given. This was a form of peaceful protesting that would progressively make someone lose enough money until they're willing to listen to you. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
This act was primarily a voting act for minorities and women. This allowed for any US citizen to legally vote. -
Sit-Ins
It is a large protest where many people would sit down in order to simply just take up space. This was a largely used method used to go against segregation, where African Americans would sit inside of "White Only" restaurants until they were served. -
Cesar Chavez
An American labor and civil rights leader. He was also the founder of co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. -
George Wallace
He was the 45th governor of Alabama, another large segregationist. Tried to relate a lack of segregation as communism, tried to convince others of segregation being a good thing. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
He was a huge part in the Civil Rights Movement. Gave the famous "I Have A Dream" speech that spoke about equality for all races no matter your colour. -
24th Amendment
Any sort of vote given for the US President or the US Vice President can't be denied value if any poll tax is not paid. Other taxes apply to this as well, meaning that even if those taxes don't get paid, the vote still counts. -
Head Start
Pre-school children got extra aid in their nutrition as well as their education with this act. Though this law mostly had an impact on any low-income families. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act disallowed for any sort of discrimination based on sex, race, colour, religion, or national origin. Pretty much it made it to where anyone was able to get jobs and go places without fear of being denied. -
Veteran Rights Act of 1965
No veteran was allowed to be denied their rights to vote. This rights act was bonded with the 15th amendment -
Upward Bound
This was an educational program sponsored mostly by the United States government. This is now grouped into multiple acts known as TRIO. -
Betty Friedan
An american writer and female rights activist. She also co-founded the NOW, standing for National Organization of Women, which sought to end the lack of equality through the United States for women. -
Lester Madox
The 75th governor of Georgia state, a huge segregationist. He also refused to sell to any blacks that went to his restaurant. -
Hector P. Garcia
A Mexican-American physician, WW2 veteran, surgeon, and a civil rights activist. Was also an alternative representative of the United Nations. -
Thurgood Marshall
He was the first African America on the Supreme Court Justice. He helped argue and won the Brown V. Board of Education court case, this greatly helped out with moving forwards in equality for the African American community. -
Lynchings
This is a type of murder where someone is publicly, or privately, killed without a trial. This was a huge problem during the Civil Rights movement, black codes, and Jim Crow laws, as they made lynchings super prevalent in any protests. -
Affirmative Action
This sort of policy favoured the members of a group that were at some sort of disadvantage over another one. Suffering from discrimination of your own culture would also allow this. -
26th Amendment
Anyone who is 18 years or older are allowed to vote. Though they would have to be a legal US citizen in order to do so. -
Title IX (9)
No one can be denied any sort of degree or educational achievement based on their sex or race alone. Education is something that anyone can have and this law enforced any sort of accomplishment someone may have gotten.
