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Grammar-Translation Approach
Historically used in teaching Greek and Latin. Little active use of target language; vocabulary is taught in isolated word lists; Grammar instruction provides the rules for putting words together; Often the only drills are exercises in translating disconnected sentences from the target language into the mother tongue, and vice versa. -
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FLM
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Cognitive Approach
Four principal language skills: Listening, Speaking, Writing, and Reading. Learning about the language was over-emphasized. -
Audiolingual Method
Repetition, substitution, transformation, and translation. New material is presented in the form of a dialogue. Based on the principle that language learning is habit formation, the method fosters dependence on mimicry, memorization of set phrases and over-learning -
The Natural/Communicative Approach
Originally developed by Krashen. "Natural language acquisition" Oral comprehension, Early speech production, and speech activities. Low Affective Filter is extremely important. -
Direct Method
This approach was developed initially as a reaction to the grammar-translation approach in an attempt to integrate more use of the target language in instruction. Material is first presented orally with actions or pictures. There is no translation! -
The Silent Way
This is the production before meaning school of thought and practice. Uses a set of colored rods and verbal commands. -
Community Language Learning
It is designed to ease the learner into gradual independence and self-confidence in the target language. This is also known as the Counseling-Learning method.. created by Curran. -
Suggestopedia Method
Classes are small and intensive, with a low-stress focus. Background classical or baroque chamber music, oftentimes accompanied with soft lights, pillows or cushions on the floor for relaxation, accentuate active and passive meditations, séances, yoga, breathing exercises leading into the "alpha state", songs for memorization purposes, therapy sessions and stream-of-consciousness catharsis in the target language with little reliance on English. -
Total Physical Response
Both language and body movement are synchronized through action responses and use of the imperative (direct commands). This combination of skills allows the student to assimilate information and skills at a rapid rate
