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Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
Cultural re-emergence that took place in Europe from about the 14th to the middle of the seventeenth century, based on the re-discovery of Greek and Roman literature. ... Renaissance means "re-birth" or "re-awakening". -
1347
The Black Death
During the late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance (1350-1450) Bubbling Plague, also called the "Black Death", destroyed half of Europe's population. Kuga, which was almost always deadly, spread most rapidly in cities where people were in close contact with each other. -
1400
Bruni
Bruni received a meeting in 1405 as Secretary of Pope Inocent VII. In addition to the short period of 1410 and 1411, he would spend ten years with the papal court in Rome. In 1411, when he was forty-one years old, he married. During the clergy break up to the famous visitation of 1415 to the Constance of Constance. As a result of the loss of power of his patron Bruni returned to Florence, where he lived in active life in historical study and writing, Florentine politics and personal investments. -
1446
Death of Brunelleschi
Brunelleschi died in Florence on April 15, 1446, and is entombed in the Duomo. He is remembered as one of the giants of Renaissance architecture. The inscription on his grave within the basilica reads: "Both the magnificent dome of this famous church and many other devices invented by Filippo the architect bear witness to his superb skill. Therefore, in tribute to his exceptional talents, a grateful country that will always remember buries him here in the soil below. -
1452
The Birth of Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci (15 April 1452 to May 2, 1519) was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer and plotter - the "renaissance man" epithet. With a curious mind and enthusiastic intellect, Da Vinci was studying the laws of science and nature, who largely informed his work. His ideas and work influenced countless artists and made Vince the leading light of the Italian Renaissance. -
1465
Bellini and Mantegna
N 1453, Mantegna married Nicolosia, sister Giovanni Bellini, thus establishing close links with the most important painting workshop in Venice, led by Jacopo Bellini.The intense exchange of ideas between the two brothers and the resulting influences had fundamental consequences on the destiny of painting in northern Italy. He and his new brother, Giovanni Bellini, used the drawing of Jacopa as the foundation for agony in the garden (c 1455, London, National Gallery. -
1555
Philip II
Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain[a] (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I),[1] King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).[2] He was also Duke of Milan.[3] From 1555, he was lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands -
Period: 1558 to
Age of Absolutism
The Age of Absolutism describes a period of European history in which monarchs successfully gathered the wealth and power of the state to themselves. Louis XIV is the poster image of the absolute monarch. When he said "L'etat c'est moi" (I am the state) he was to a great extent correct. France was powerful and prosperous and represented that which all European monarchs aspired to. -
Cardinal Richelieu
France, advisor of Louis XIII, make king and France more powerful, took power away from nobles, intendants from middle class -
Louis XIV
Louis XIV known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (le Roi Soleil), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. Starting at the age of 5, his reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest recorded of any monarch of a sovereign country in European history.[1][2] In the age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's France was a leader in the growing centralization of power.[3] -
Hobbes publishes Leviathan
Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—commonly referred to as Leviathan—is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and published in 1651 Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. -
Period: to
Enlightenment
The Explanation (also known as Age of Explanation or Age of Reason; in French: le Siècle des Lumières, lit. '"Century of Lights"'; and in German: Aufklärung, "Explanation is an intellectual and philosophical the movement dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century, "The Centuries of Philosophy -
Jean Baptiste Colbert
France, advisor of Louis XIV, invest in army, increase tariffs and decrease imports, expand existing French businesses and create new ones -
Peter the Great
Russia, Window to the West, made upper-class adopt European cultural traditions, went undercover across Europe to observe culture, War with Sweden over land, Welfare for People -
Locke
Publishes Two treatises on Government -
The steam engine is invented
Thomas Newcomen invented the first productive steam engine not useful yet but the idea of using steam to make machines go be important to the Industrial Revolution -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system. -
Peter the Great Death
He left with a mixed legacy. He died not gettinh a warm water he on the other hand died with some success he expanded Russian territory -
Hume
Published. Treaties on Human Nature -
Voltaire published Candide
François-Marie Arouet, later known as Voltaire, was born in 1694 to a middle-class family in Paris. At that time, Louis XIV was king of France, and the vast majority of people in France lived in crushing poverty. When François-Marie came of age, the French aristocracy ruled with an iron fist. At the same time, however, the intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment was spreading ideas about the equality and basic rights of man and the importance of reason. -
Voltaire
Publishes Treaties on Toleration -
The spinning jenny is invented
James Hargreaves, a British carpenter and weaver, invents the spinning jenny. The machine spins more than one ball of yarn or thread at a time, making it easier and faster to make cloth -
James Watt improves the steam engine.
James Watt from Scotland designs a more efficient steam engine. One of the most important inventions of the Industrial Revolution, steam engines power the first trains, steamboats, and factories. -
The Boston Massacre
Known as the Incident on King Street by the British, was an incident on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers shot and killed people while under attack by a mob -
Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was a political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, Massachusetts, on December 16, 1773. -
Battle of Bunkerhill
The Battle of Bunker Hill was fought on June 17, 1775, during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. -
Period: to
American Revolution
The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1775 and 1787. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain, becoming the United States of America. They defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War in alliance with France and others. -
War Breaks Out
The first shots of the Revolution War are fired at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts.8 years, 4 months and 15 days
Ratification effective: May 12, 1784
9 year and 23days -
Smith
Published The Wealth of Nations -
Loyalists Defeated at Moores Creek
In the Battle of Moores Creek Bridge in North Carolina on February 27, 1776, during the Revolutionary War (1775-83), American forces defeated the British. The victory ended British authority in North Carolina and provided an important boost to Patriot morale. Within two months of the American victory, on April 12, 1776, North Carolina became the first colony to vote in favor of independence from Britain. -
American declares its independence
The Declaration of Independence, 1776. By issuing the Declaration of Independence, adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies severed their political connections to Great Britain. -
Loyalists Leave America
Loyalists are to be contrasted with Patriots, who supported the Revolution. Historians have estimated that during the American Revolution, between 15 and 20 percent of the white population of the colonies, or about 500,000 people, were Loyalists -
Meeting of the Estates General
meeting that opened at Versailles on May 5, 1789 to discuss political and economic reforms; $$$ cash problems, need of taxes, each estate had 1 vote, third estate wanted each deputy to have a vote -
Tennis Court Oath
A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution -
Storming the Bastille
July 14th, 1789. There had been a rumor that the king had been planning a military coup against the national Assembly. The people decided to defend their city and marched to the Bastille prison for gunpowder. The governor of the prison refused them, so they fought until the prison surrendered. This saved the National Assembly. Is now called the "Bastille Day" and is France's Independence Day. -
Women's march on Versailles
On October 5, 1789 an angry mob of Parisian women stormed through Versailles demanding Louis XVI end the nationwide food shortage and that the royal family return to Paris with them. -
Great Fear
A wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille in 1789 -
Period: to
French Revolution
The definition of the French Revolution is an uprising in France against the monarchy from 1789 to 1799 which resulted in the establishment of France as a republic. An example of the French Revolution is the storming of the Bastille by the French citizens -
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Bishops and priests were to be elected by the people and paid by the state. The french government now controlled the church, Many catholics became enemies of the revolution. -
Joseph II
Austria, Absolute Ruler, Improved social services, more rights desired when more given, people disappointed because did not continue to give more rights -
Thomas Paine
Rights of Man was written -
First Coalition
Grouping of European states against Revolutionary France that lasted from 1792 to 1797. Ended after Napoleon defeated Austria in his Italian campaign, which rocketed him to popularity in France. -
Reign of Terror
(1793-94) during the French Revolution when thousands were executed for "disloyalty" peasants and persons who opposed the sans cullotes were killed. -
Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin
Eli Whitney creates a machine that makes it much easier to separate cotton seeds from cotton fiber. It greatly reduces the time it takes to clean cotton and helps the southern states make more money from cotton crops -
Period: to
Napoleonic Era
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, the first being the National Assembly, the second being the Legislative Assembly, and the third being the Directory -
Second Coalition
1798 to 1802 anti-French coalition. Austria, Russia, and Britain were in the Coalition, but Prussia did not join. After the Treaty of Luneville and the Peace of Amiens, the Second Coalition ended, and a one-year period of Europe-wide peace prevailed. -
Napoleonic Code
Napoleon's system of laws, particularly the civil code, which he first announced in 1804. The code remains a basis of European continental law to this day. It differs from Anglo-American "Common Law" tradition practiced in most of the US in several ways; for instance, it is less concerned with protecting alleged criminals' legal rights. -
Third Coalition
1805 Coalition of the anti-Napoleonic powers. When Alexander I signed the Treaty of Tilsit and sided with Napoleon, this coalition came to a halt. -
Continental System
Napoleon's plan to stop all shipping of British goods into Europe. Announced by the Berlin Decree of 1806, the Continental System resulted in a British blockade of all European shipping, and ended up hurting France more than Britain. By trying to spread the Continental System into Spain, Napoleon and France had to endure the constant harassment of the disastrous Peninsular War. -
Grand Duchy of Warsaw
Name Napoleon gave to the Polish state he created in 1807, and which lasted until 1815. Though technically independent, it was in reality under Napoleon's control. Czar Alexander I of Russia was seriously upset by the recreation of the Polish state, since he wanted the territory badly -
Holy Alliance
1815 agreement promoted by Czar Alexander I, by which most European powers promised to uphold Christian virtues like peace and charity. Only Britain, Turkey, and the Pope refused to join the Holy Alliance. However, few took the agreement very seriously. -
Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone.
He may not have invented the telephone, but Alexander Graham Bell was the first to get a patent for it. Being able to speak to people over a telephone wire greatly changes the way the world communicates -
Thomas Edison uses a light bulb to light a lamp.
Not the first man to create a light bulb, Thomas Edison created a light bulb that lasted longer than other designs and showed it off by lighting a lamp. Edison's light bulbs allow people to do many things at night, such as work, that used to only happen during the day -
The Brooklyn Bridge opens
After 13 years of construction, the Brooklyn Bridge is finished in New York City. At the time, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world.
