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Grito de Dolores
-Father Hidalgo raised a battle cry for independence from Spain, that would echo through Mexico for 100 years. -
Brazil Gains Independence
-The creoles asked Prince Pedro to declare Brazil independent.
-They offered him to make him ruler of the new nation. -
The Opium War
-The opium trade enriched many foreign and Chinese merchants, but the Chinese governmentwas outraged as opium smoking spreade throughout China.
-In 1839, the government destroyed $6 million worth of opium that the British had brought to Canton. -
The Spanish-American War
-The United States sent the battleship Maine to Havana to protect American citizens and property in Cuba.
-In April 1898, the United States recognized Cuban independence, and Spain declared war. -
Hundred Days of Reform
-The Manchu emperor issued decrees to reform schools, to add practical subjects to the curriculum, and to translate foreign books into Chinese.
-Because many of the changes in this program challenged the traditional Confucian order. -
The Boxer Rebellion
-In 1899, a group of Chinese founded a secret society caled the "Fists of Righteous Harmony" or "Boxers."
-The Boxers wanted to expel the Manchu and all foreigners from China. -
Republic of South Africa
-Its economy is highly industrializeed and diversified.
-South Africa has much fertile farmland, a favorable climate, and rich mineral resources, including gold, diamonds, platinum, manganese, and uranium. -
Diplomatic Crisis
-Austria-Hungary issued Serbia an ultimatum, a final set of demands -
The Outbreak of War
-Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
-Over the next few days the alliance system began to operate. -
The March Revolution
-As the war dragged on riots broke ourt in Petrograd.
-Mobs roamed the streets demanding "bread and peace." -
The United States Enters the War
-President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany. -
Civil War in Russia
-In March 1918, fought a wide range of enemies. Their opponents were unable to unite behind a single leader or accept a single set of goals. -
The Weimar Republic
-The new government of Germany was se up in the town of Weimar.
-Thus, Germany in the 1920's was often called the Weimar Republic. -
Revolution in Turkey
-In 1922, the Ottoman Empire was abolished.
-Kemal became the first president of the Republic of Turkey. -
Civil War
-China was plunged anew into civil war. -
An Independent Ireland
-The Protestants in Norther Ireland idi not want to become part ofthe Irish Free State.
-But many Catholics in Northern Ireland demanded a united Ireland. -
The New Deal
-Americans voted for the candidate of the Democratic party, Franklin D. Roosevelt had promised a "new deal for the American People," although he did not say just waht this would involve. -
The Spanish Civil War
-In the 1936 elections, a coalition of liberals, socialist, and communist won.
-In July 1936, a group of gernerals led by Francisco Franco staged an uprising against the republican government. -
The Attack on Pearl Harbor
-Japanese planes roared out of the sky over the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. -
The United Nations
-The UN, an international organization devoted to world peace. -
Deafeat of Japan
-The United States dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
-Japan refused to surrender. -
The Khrushchev Era
-Khrushchev denounced Stalin in a speech to a communist party congress.
-He accused Stalin of having been a murderer and a tyrant who commmitted terrible crimes against the Soviet people. -
Opposition of Apartheid
-Opposition to apartheid came from South Africans and from people in other parts of the world. -
Ethnic Division
-Both military and civilian rulers have hadt to deal with Nigeria's religious and ethinic rivalries. -
The March to Freedom in the Soviet Bloc.
-Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev feared that liberal Czech policiesmight spread to othe Eastern European Naions and weaken the Soviet bloc.
-He sent troops into Czechoslovakia to crush the reforms. -
Unification of Germany
-Plans to unite the two Germanies soon took shape.
-Then in October 1990, political unification was completed as East Germany joined the Federal Republic of Germany. -
The Khrushchev Era
-Tito, a communist, had organized Yugoslav resisitance against the Nazis during WWII. -
Trials of Indian Democracy
-Between 1950-1990 (That is not the actual date above)
-Increased food production and anew jobs in industry cannot keep pace with the population boom. -
The cultual revoution
-1966-1976 (the date above is not the actual one.
--To renew the revolution, Mao launched the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" in 1966. -
Gorbachev's reforms
In 1985 (the date above isn't the actual date)
-He set econmic and politacal reforms as major goals.