Fertile Crescent

By karimandraoos
  • 6000 BCE

    First Cities

    One of the oldest known Mesopotamian cities, Nineveh may have been settled as early as 6,000 B.C. Sumer civilization arose in the lower Tigris-Euphrates valley around 5,000 B.C.
  • Period: 4500 BCE to 1900 BCE

    Sumerians

    The earliest known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq.
  • 3500 BCE

    The Invention of the Wheel

    Evidence indicates the wheel was created to serve as potter's wheels around 3500 B.C. in Mesopotamia.
  • 3500 BCE

    Horses Domesticated

    The earliest archaeological evidence of horses’ transition from prey to pets, unearthed several years ago at a site in Kazakhstan associated with the prehistoric Botai culture, dates back to 3500 B.C.
  • 3100 BCE

    Cuneiform Invented

    Was first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia 3500-3000 BCE. It is considered the most significant among the many cultural contributions of the Sumerians and the greatest among those of the Sumerian city Uruk.
  • 2800 BCE

    King Gilgamesh

    Gilgamesh is the semi-mythic King of Uruk in Mesopotamia best known from The Epic of Gilgamesh, the great Sumerian/Babylonian poetic work which pre-dates Homer’s writing by 1500 years and, therefore, stands as the oldest piece of epic world literature.
  • Period: 2025 BCE to 1378 BCE

    Old Assyrian Empire

    One of four periods in which the history of Assyria is divided.
  • Period: 1895 BCE to 539 BCE

    Babylonia

    Was an ancient Akkadian-spoken state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia.
  • 1800 BCE

    Assyrians used Iron Weapons and Chariots

    One of the greatest strengths of the Assyrian army was its chariots. A chariot is a wheeled vehicle pulled by two to four horses.The Assyrians were the first to use iron to make their weapons. Iron was stronger than the bronze used by their enemies and gave them a distinct advantage.
  • 1754 BCE

    Hammurabi's Code

    Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated back to about 1754 BC
  • Period: 1200 BCE to 587 BCE

    Israelites

    The Kingdom of Israel occupied that part of the land on the Mediterranean Sea known as the Levant which corresponds roughly to the State of Israel of modern times.
  • Period: 1100 BCE to 700 BCE

    Phoenicians

    Was a thalassocratic ancient Semitic speaking Mediterranean civilization that originated in the Levant in the west of the Fertile Crescent.
  • 1000 BCE

    First Evidence of Phoenician Alphabet

    The first Phoenician Alphabet was discovered by the French archaeologist Pierre MontetOffsite in 1923 in Jbeil, Lebanon, is the oldest known evidence of the Phoenician alphabet.
  • Period: 1000 BCE to 650 BCE

    Chaldeans

    Land in southern Babylonia frequently mentioned in the Old Testament.
  • Period: 911 BCE to 609 BCE

    Neo-Assyrian Empire

    Was an Iron Age Mesopotamian empire, and became the largest empire of the world up till that time.
  • 900 BCE

    First Aqueduct

    In the Assyrian empire in the 9th century BCE and incorporated tunnels several kilometres in length.
  • 722 BCE

    Assyrians exile Israeilites

    The Northern Kingdom of Israel was the first of the two kingdoms to fall, when it was conquered by the Assyrian monarchs. The captivities began in approximately 722 B.C
  • 630 BCE

    First Library

    The oldest surviving royal library in the world is that of Ashurbanipal, King of Assyria. British Museum archaeologists discovered more than 30,000 cuneiform tablets and fragments at his capital Nineveh.
  • Period: 600 BCE to

    Persians

    It was the largest empire the world had ever seen, surpassing the size of their Assyrian predecessors. Today the country of Iran.
  • 587 BCE

    King Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem and exiles Israelites

    King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon turned against the Israelites, finally capturing the city in July 587 BC after a long seige lasting a year and a half.
  • 334 BCE

    Alex The Great Conquers Persians

    Alex began his war against the Persians in 334 BC. At the time the Macedonian leader was twenty-two years old. At his death eleven years later, Alexander ruled the largest empire of the ancient world.