-
Period: to
Benjamin Thompson
American-born British physicist. Invented the Double Boiler, a Kitchen Range with temperature control, and a drip Coffeepot. He achieved a position of significance to implement the common use of James Watt's Steam engine. -
Benjamin Thompson
Count von Rumford -
Period: to
Catharine Beecher
One of the first recognized people to dedicate their lives to domestic science. She taught at the Hartford Female Seminary, the female equivalent of a college for women from 1823 - 1832. Her passion for educating young women lead her to promote education on the national level and brought about the "Beecher Plan" to be launched by the Milwaukee Normal Institute. -
Catherine Beecher
-
Ellen Swallow Richards
-
Period: to
Ellen Swallow Richards
Ellen Swallow Richards was a Pioneer in the field of Family Consumer Sciences and in life. She paved the way for the institution we now study to create a better life for all peoples. -
The Beecher Plan begins
In 1851, The Milwaukee Normal Institute, now part of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, is established under the guidance of Catharine Beecher as a Women's college. This plan promoted the education of Women in domestic chemistry, housing, and economical arrangement of storage in the home. More specifically, the Beecher plan taught in fields open to women: Teaching, Nursing, and "Conservation of the Domestic State." -
Michael Hoke Smith
-
Period: to
Michael Hoke Smith
Hoke Smith, Senator from the state of Georgia, is one of the men responsible for the Smith-Lever Act. His bill introduced in the Senate followed a similar premise as the Lever bill introduced to the House of Representatives. Together, they became the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 -
Land Grant University
Universities created under the auspice of the Morrill Act of 1862. Each state was given 30,000 acres of federal land for each member of congress representing that state. Many states sold off the land and used the funds to establish schools designed to teach agriculture and the mechanical arts (A&M schools) along with the general sciences and the classics -
Justin Smith Morrill and the Morrill Act of 1862
Justin Morrill was a Congressman from Vermont, deemed "The Father of the Agricultural Colleges" for his work in creating federal support for land-grant colleges.
The Act provided grants of land to states to finance the establishment of colleges specializing in "agriculture and the mechanic arts." -
Margaret Murray Washington
3rd Wife to Booker T. Washington -
Period: to
Margaret (James) Murray Washington
Daughter of an Irish immigrant father and African-American Mother, Murray ran the Domestic Science Dept. at Tuskegee University and offered public community education. She also published "Work for the Colored Women of the South." She was also never invited to the Lake Placid Conferences. She constantly worked for the betterment of the poor and neglected -
Arkansas Land Grant Universities
The University of Arkansas in Fayetteville
and
The University of Arkansas in Pine Bluff (Previously known as the Arkansas Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal School) -
Lawrence Experiment Station
Pictured is the original Lawrence Experiment Station. It's establishment was a direct result of the water quality analysis and test performed by Ellen Swallow Richards around Lowell, MA during her investigations into healthy living and water quality standards. This gave her the moniker, "the Mother of Ecology" -
Lake Placid Club
Founded by Melvin Dewey, this location served as host to the Lake Placid Conferences (1899-1908, a series of annual gatherings to discuss and promote the idea of what is today called Family Consumer Sciences. Towards the end of these conferences, in 1908, the American Home Economics Association was established -
Atwater-Rosa Calorimeter
Pictured is a diagram of the Atwater-Rosa Calorimeter. It was invented by W. O. Atwater and E.B. Rosa to prove the conservation of Energy in Humans and determine the energy value (Calories) of foods. -
Smith-Lever Act 1914
Established the National Cooperative Extension Service that extended outreach programs through land-grant universities to educate rural Americans about advances in agricultural practices and technology. -
Smith-Hughes Act 1917
Provided federal aid to the states for the purpose of promoting pre-collegiate vocational education in agricultural and industrial trades as well as home economics -
Betty Lamp
The Betty lamp differs from earlier oil/grease lamps in that it uses an internal wick holder to eliminate fuel drip common with older lamp designs. This internal wick holder feature made the Betty lamp design very popular. The one pictured here is the two lamp pan version
Because of its association with colonial domestic activity, the Betty lamp was chosen for the symbol of the American Home Economics Association in 1926 -
Vocational Education Acts of 1963
Provided grants to states to maintain, improve, and develop vocational-technical education programs. The funds were earmarked for occupations in demand. Funds were also provided for constructing area schools for vocational education as well as provisions for vocational office education, occupational training for potential school dropouts, and work-study programs. -
Vocational Amendment of 1968 & 1973
Extended the work of the 1963 amendments, but the emphasis changed from occupations to people. National and state advisory councils are required. In addition each state must submit a plan consisting of administrative policies and procedures and an annual and 5-year program plan. Part of the funds are allocated to permanent programs in cooperative vocational as well as consumer and homemaking education.
The 1973 amendment focuses on the rights of peoples with disabilities and rehabilitation -
Vocational Amendment of 1976
The 1976 Amendments to the Vocational Equity Act of 1963, required states receiving federal funding for vocational education to develop and carry out activities and programs to eliminate gender bias, stereotyping, and discrimination in vocational education. The amendments also permit the allocation of federal funds to programs for single heads of households, homemakers, part-time workers seeking full-time jobs, and persons seeking jobs in areas nontraditional for their sex. -
Carl Perkins Act
Enacted to increase learner access to high-quality CTE programs of study, especially to those students who had been underserved in the past or who had substantial education needs. The Perkins Act provides federal funds to states so they can facilitate connections between secondary and postsecondary education and employers—aligning learning programs to best serve the needs of the local economy.