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Ellen Richards
Ellen Swallow Richards, 1842-1911, attended Vassar College, receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in 1870. Subsequently she applied for admission to MIT and January 1871 became the first female student to attend MIT, earning a Bachelor of Science degree in 1873 in chemistry. She also earned, in 1873, the degree of Master of Arts from Vassar College. Ellen is revered as the founder of Family consumer science. -
Morrill Act of 1862
The Land-Grant College Act of 1862, or Morrill Act, of the U.S. Congress (1862) that provided grants of land to states to finance the establishment of colleges specializing in “agriculture and the mechanic arts.” The Bill was named after Congressman Vermont Congressman Justin Smith Morrill (1810–98), Who is the original one who sponsor the idea. -
Land Grant University
The original mission of these institutions, as set forth in the first Morrill Act, was to teach agriculture, military tactics, and the mechanic arts as well as classical studies so members of the working classes could obtain a liberal, practical education. To disseminate information gleaned from the experiment stations’ research, the Smith-Lever Act of 1914 created a Cooperative Extension Service associated with each land-grant institution. -
Arkansas Land Grant Universities
Two institutions in the State of Arkansas have been designated as land grant universities: The University of Arkansas (Fayetteville) and the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. -
Arkansas Land Grant Universities: University of Fayetteville
The Arkansas General Assembly established the university in Fayetteville in 1871 as the Arkansas Industrial University, and under the Morrill Act of 1862, it became the state land-grant institution and first state-assisted college in Arkansas. On opening day, January 22, 1872, there were four teachers and eight students. -
Arkansas Land Grant Universities: University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff
In 1873, the university established a campus in Pine Bluff, which was named Branch Normal College and later designated as a land-grant institution under the second Morrill Act of 1890. -
Smith-Lever Act
The Smith-Lever Act established a national Cooperative Extension Service that extended outreach programs through land-grant universities to educate rural Americans about advances in agricultural practices and technology. Today, cooperative extension continues to serve the educational and developmental needs of communities across the U.S. by supporting clubs, classes, and events that help citizens keep pace with the rapid modern advances in agriculture techniques and technologies. -
Smith-Hughes Act
The Smith–Hughes National Vocational Education Act of 1917 was an act of the United States Congress that promoted vocational education in agriculture, trades and industry, and homemaking, and provided federal funds for this purpose. As such, it is the basis both for the promotion of vocational education, and for its isolation from the rest of the curriculum in most school settings.
