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Financial crisis
Monarchy's lack of money. Proposal of solution: privileged to pay taxes through a reform. -
Enlightenment
The French Revolution was influenced by Enlightenment ideas, which questioned the authority of the absolute monarchy and the rigid class divisions of feudalism. The emphasis on individual rights and the role of the government inspired the revolutionaries and ordinary citizens of France, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of the revolution -
Military and financial aid for USA
The military and financial aid provided to the United States during the American Revolution strained the French economy and added to the financial difficulties faced by the monarchy, contributing to the social and political unrest that led to the outbreak of the French Revolution -
Poor social structure
The French Revolution was driven by an unjust social structure, where the nobility and clergy were overrepresented, while the bourgeoisie and peasants were underrepresented. Society was divided into three estates, with the first two enjoying privileges, while the Third Estate, which represented 90% of the population, bore the burden of taxes. This social and fiscal inequality generated resentment and discontent, helping to trigger the French Revolution. -
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Causes of the french revolution
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Economical crisis
Bad harvests (1787,1788), rise in prices (food discontent, anger, unemployement... -
Storming of the Bastille
The Storming of the Bastille in 1789 was a milestone in the French Revolution, when insurgents took control of the Bastille prison in Paris, symbolizing popular resistance against the established power. -
Declaration of the rights of Man
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted in 1789, established the natural and inalienable rights of man, including liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. This declaration laid the foundations for the French Revolution and has influenced the conception of individual freedom and democracy in Europe and around the world. -
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The Constituent Assembly
During this stage, the National Constituent Assembly was initiated, which undertook to draft a constitution for France. -
The Tennis Court Oath
The Tennis Court Oath was a pivotal event at the beginning of the French Revolution, where the members of the Third Estate formed a National Assembly and vowed not to disband until a written constitution had been established for France. This act marked a significant turning point in the Revolution. -
Contitution (political liberalism)
During the French Revolution, the Constitution of 1791 was established, reflecting the principles of constitutional liberalism. It aimed to limit the powers of the monarchy and establish a constitutional monarchy, guaranteeing individual liberties, property rights, and the rule of law. However, the constitution was short-lived, as the monarchy was overthrown within a year, leading to the collapse of the Constitution of 1791 -
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The Legislative Assembly or Constitutional Monarchy
This phase marked the transition to a constitutional monarchy after the approval of the 1791 constitution. -
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The First Republic or Convention
(1792-1794) During this period, the First French Republic was proclaimed, and important political and social changes took place, including the period of Terror. -
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Girondin convention
The Girondine Convention was a moderate republican group during the French Revolution, in conflict with the more radical Montagnards. His power diminished after the trial and execution of Louis XVI, marking the beginning of the Reign of Terror. -
Storming of the Tuileries Palace
The Storming of the Tuileries Palace, or the Insurrection of 10 August 1792, was a significant event in the French Revolution. It involved armed revolutionaries invading the palace, leading to the abolition of the monarchy and the massacre of the King's Swiss Guards. -
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Jacobin convention
The Jacobins were a radical political group during the French Revolution, known for leading the revolutionary government and ushering in the Reign of Terror. -
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The Terror
The Reign of Terror was a period of state-sanctioned violence during the French Revolution from September 1793 to July 1794, characterized by mass killings and public executions of counter-revolutionary 'suspects'. It was organized by the Committee of Public Safety and ended with the fall of Maximilien Robespierre, putting an end to the Terror and to Jacobin dominance. -
Execution of Louis XVI
Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793 during the French Revolution. He was convicted of high treason and sentenced to death by guillotine at the Place de la Révolution in Paris, marking a significant turning point in French and European history -
Fall of the jacobins
The Fall of the Jacobins took place on 9 Thermidor, year II (July 27, 1794), leading to the temporary closure of the Parisian club and marking the end of its dominance during the French Revolution. -
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The Directory
This stage was characterized by a government of five directors and marked the end of the French Revolution before the arrival of Napoleon Bonaparte to power. -
People in exile begin to return
The return of people in exile occurred during the Hundred Days, when Napoleon escaped from exile on the island of Elba and returned to France on March 20, 1796. This event marked a significant period of political and military mobilization, leading to the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on July 8, 1796 -
Coup d'etat by Napoleon
The Coup of 18 Brumaire, which took place on November 10, 1799, marked the overthrow of the French Directory and the establishment of the French Consulate, bringing Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France. This bloodless coup effectively ended the French Revolution and led to the rise of the First French Empire. -
Napoleon proclamed emperor
In 1804, Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor at Notre Dame, rejecting the Pope's authority. This marked the start of the French Empire, and his coronation was a carefully orchestrated event that combined ancient traditions with modern propaganda. The proclamation was overwhelmingly approved by the French citizens in the 1804 constitutional referendum, and his reign as emperor was of great importance in the history of France and Europe. -
The Battle of Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, took place on December 2, 1805, near the town of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire. It was one of the most important and decisive military engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. The battle resulted in one of Napoleon's greatest victories and is widely studied as a significant event in military history -
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The spanish war of independence
The Spanish War of Independence (1808-1814) was a conflict in the Iberian Peninsula where French forces faced the British, Spanish, and Portuguese armies. Triggered by Napoleon's invasion of Spain, the war initially saw French advances, but the resistance of the Spanish and the support of the British led to the eventual withdrawal of the French forces. The conflict had a lasting impact on the history of Spain and contributed to the downfall of Napoleon. -
Russian campaign
The 1812 Russian campaign was a failed attempt by Napoleon to conquer Russia, resulting in significant losses for the French forces and the devastation of the Grande Armée. Despite the capture of Moscow, the harsh Russian winter and resistance led to the failure of the campaign, making it one of the most significant military disasters in history. -
The Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo, fought on June 18, 1815, marked the end of the Napoleonic Wars and resulted in Napoleon's final defeat, leading to his abdication as Emperor of the French and the end of the First French Empire.