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1368
The Beginning of The Ming Dynasty
Hongwu, a peasant's son, brought the Mongols out of China. That year he also became the first Ming emperor. He ruled from Nanjing. He was also responsible for an Agricultural Reform that increased rice production, irrigation, cotton, and sugar cane. However, he killed thousands of officials. In general, he was an important emperor to bring stability to China. He died in 1398. -
1406
The Forbidden City
The Forbidden City, was built under the decision of Yonglo, The construction took 14 years, from 1406 to 1420. It was characterized by red walls, with dozens of buildings, palaces and temples. The city took this name because commoners and foreigners could not get access to the area. -
1415
Conquest of the Muslim city of Ceuta
Prince Henry, the son of the Portugal king, helped to conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa. The Portuguese found huge quantities of pepper, cinnamon, cloves, and many other spices. -
1451
The Triangular Trade
In 1451(until 1870) was developed a transatlantic trading network known as the triangular trade: the Africans were transported to the Americas. Europeans transported manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa, where the traders exchanged the goods for captured Africans. The Africans were transported across the Atlantic and sold in the West Indies. -
1488
Bartolomeu Dias Exploration
Bartolomeu Dias reached the tip of Africa by going down the coast. He began to explore the southeast coast of Africa. -
Aug 3, 1492
The first voyage of Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic in search of an alternate trade route to Asia. However he never reached Asia, he stepped onto an island in the Caribbean. Nevertheless Columbus with his crew thought they reached the East Indies. For this reason they called the inhabitants who greeted him "los indios". The natives were not Indians but a group who called themselves Taino.
In early 1493 he returned to Spain. -
Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordessilas
Treaty signed between Spain and Portugal, declared a division of the New World into two different areas of domination along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa. The lands to the east would belong to Portugal and the lands to the west to Castille. -
1497
Vasco Da Gama Exploration
Vasco Da Gama started exploring the East African coast in 1497. In 1498 he reached the port of Calicut, on the southwestern coast of India. He found many spices and precious gems in the town's stores. he returned with his crew to Portugal in 1499 filled with some spices such as pepper and cinnamon. -
1497
Jhon Cabot
He was a navigator and explorer who by his voyages in 1497 and 1498 helped lay the groundwork for the later British claim to Canada.
https://www.history.com/topics/exploration/john-cabot -
May 18, 1499
Amerigo Vespucci and his voyages
Amerigo Vespucci began his voyage in 1499 when he explored the coast of modern-day Brazil. Vespucci charted the stars and constellations of the southern hemisphere and he noticed that they were different from the constellations visible in Europe. In 1501 he noted once more the different constellations. Vespucci was beginning to believe they were not in India.
https://exploration.marinersmuseum.org/subject/amerigo-vespucci/ -
1519
Hernando Cortes and the conquest of Mexico
Hernándo Cortés was born in 1485 in Medellín, western Spain. He initially studied law but left university to make his fortune in the Americas. In 1519 he landed on the shores of Mexico. the group of Spanish people who took part of the voyage were called the "conquistadors". They reached the regions of Mexico, South America, and US. They reached the area of the Aztec Empire and he took the emperor hostage demanding a huge ransom from his people. -
1522
Resistance and Rebellion- Stono Rebellion
In that period Slaves found ways to resist to the slavery. In 1522 about 20 slaves on Hispaniola attacked and killed several Spanish colonists. Larger revolts occurred throughout Spanish settlements during the 16th century. in 1739 a group of slaves in South Carolina led a rebellion known as the Stono Rebellion that continued into the 1800s. -
1532
Francisco Pizarro and the conquest of South America
Francisco Pizarro was another Spanish conquistador who conquested the Inca empire and destroyed its culture, economy, and society. Pizarro and his army met Atahualpa, the Incan emperor, near the city of Cajamarca. The Spaniards crushed the Incan force and kidnapped Atahualpa. Then they moved to other cities under the Incan control and plundered them of gold and silver. -
1556
Akbar's golden Age
Babur's grandson (Babur, was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent), Akbar, ruled India from 1556 to 1605. He reorganized the military power, he equipped his army with heavy artillery. The combination of military power and political wisdom enabled Akbar to unify a land of at least 100 million people. -
1568
Oda Nobunaga seized the capital Kyoto
Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese daimyo and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period. He defeated his rivals and seized the imperial capital Kyoto in 1568. -
1577
Francis Drake and his second voyage for Queen Elisabeth I
Francis Drake was an English explorer who reached the Pacific coast of South America in late 1577.
Drake had five ships for the expedition. Among his men were John Winter and Thomas Doughty. Major tensions flared between Drake and Doughty during the trip. Upon arriving off the coast of Argentina, Drake had Doughty arrested with the accusation of planned mutiny. After a brief and possibly illegal trial, Doughty was convicted and beheaded.
www.biography.com/explorer/francis-drake -
the east India Company
The East India Company was an English company formed for trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. Incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600, it was started as a monopolistic trading body so that England could participate in the East Indian spice trade.
www.britannica.com/topic/East-India-Company -
New France
A French explorer, Samuel Champlain, sailed up St. Lawrence (gulf off the eastern coast of Canada reached by another French explorer, Jacques Cartier, around 1534), with about 32 colonists. They founded Quebec, which became the base of France's colonial empire in North America, which is known as "New France". -
Dutch trade and conquests
The Dutch established their trading headquarters at Batavia on the island of Java (1619). As a consequence, they started conquering many nearby islands. In addition, they seized both the port Malacca and the Spice Islands of Portugal. By the 1700s they ruled most of Indonesia and had many ports all over the Asian territory. -
New England
In 1620 a group known as Pilgrims founded a second English colony: Plymouth, Massachusetts. They were a group of colonists who were persecuted for their religious beliefs in England. Ten years later another religious group of colonists, the Puritans, who left England for the same reasons as the first group, founded a larger colony at nearby Massachusetts Bay. -
The Mayflower
The Mayflower set sail on 16th September 1620 from Plymouth, UK, to voyage to America. There were 102 passengers and 30 crew aboard the Mayflower when it landed in Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts. On board were men, women and children from different walks of life across England and the city of Leiden in Holland. Part of them were known as Separatists, a group of people who wanted to be free from the current Church of England.
https://www.mayflower400uk.org/education/the-mayflower-story/ -
New Netherland
Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the service of the Netherlands, sailed west in 1609. He explored three waterways that were named the Hudson River, Hudson Bay, and Hudson Strait. The Dutch claimed the region along these waterways in consequence they established a fur trade with the Iroquois Indians. The Dutch holdings in North America became known as New Netherland. -
Battle between Native Americans and English settlers
The Powhatan tribe attacked colonial villages around Jamestown and killed about 350 settlers. However, one of the most important battles is known as King Philip's War. it began in 1675 when the native American ruler, Metacom led an attack on colonial villages throughout Massachusetts. In the following months, both sides massacred hundreds of victims. After a year the colonists won. -
Taj Mahal
An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage. -
Qing Dynasty
The Manchus, people from the region Manchuria invaded China (1644) and the Ming Dynasty, which was already weak, collapsed. This new population seized Beijing and their leader became the new emperor. It was the beginning of the Qing Dynasty.
