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Period: to
Evolution
From 1926- 1931, McBain, Manegold, and Michaels were some of the researches who performed the phenomenon of reverse osmosis. -
Osmosis
In 1748, Jean-Antoine Nollet discovered that water naturally diffuses from a dilute to a concentrated solution, otherwise known as osmosis. Osmosis is the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane driven by a difference in solute concentrations on the two sides of the membrane. APA Citation: (2011). Evolution of Water Purification Systems - Lab Manager Magazine®. Retrieved October 3, 2012, from http://www.labmanager.com/?articles.view/articleNo/3758/article/Evolution-of-Wate -
Ultra-Violet Lights
In 1916, ultra-violet lights were first used to purify drinking water. This occurred in the United States mainly. UV radiation from ultraviolet water systems alone is not suitable for water with high levels of suspended solids, turbidity, color, or soluble organic matter. These materials can react with UV radiation, and reduce disinfection performance. Water turbidity makes it difficult for the Ultraviolet radiation to penetrate water. -
Ultra-Violet Lights: Continued
Water turbidity makes it difficult for the Ultraviolet radiation to penetrate water. Ultraviolet radiation can be used as a pretreatment or polishing step to disinfect water. UV systems are used to pre-treat a water supply that is thought of as unsafe. APA Citation:(2006). UV Water Treatment - Ultraviolet (UV) Water ... - Fresh Water Systems. Retrieved October 8, 2012, from http://www.freshwatersystems.com/c-13-uv-systems-lamps.aspx. -
Start- Reverse Osmosis
From 1926- 1931, McBain, Manegold, and Michaels were some of the researches that performed the phenomenon of reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis, or hyper filtration, is a process of cleaning water that reduces the particles down to the molecular level. -
End- Reverse Osmosis
Major bottled water companies use the same process; reverse osmosis reduces the salts and other contaminations, giving people high quality water. APA Citation: (2011). Evolution of Water Purification Systems - Lab Manager Magazine®. Retrieved October 3, 2012, from http://www.labmanager.com/?articles.view/articleNo/3758/article/Evolution-of-Water-Purification-Systems.(2012). Premier Reverse Osmosis Water Filtration System - Costco. http://www.costco.com -
New-Found Chemicals
n the 1970’s, researchers discovered pesticide residue, industrial sludge, and organic chemicals in drinking water across the country. Some towns and states started using ozone wastewater treatment. Ozone wastewater treatment is a method that is increasing in popularity. An ozone generator is used to break down pollutants in the water source. The generators convert oxygen into ozone by using ultraviolet radiation or by an electric discharge field. -
New-Found Chemicals: Continued
Using ozone kills bacteria effectively, oxidizes substances like iron and sulphur so that they can be filtered out, there are no odors or residues at the end of treatment, ozone converts back to oxygen quickly and leaves no trace that it has been used. APA Citation: "History of water treatment - Lenntech." 2006. 3 Oct. 2012 http://www.lenntech.com/history-water-treatment.htm(2006). Ozone wastewater treatment « Water Pollution. Retrieved October 8, 2012, from http://www.water-pollution.org.uk -
Today's Technology
The LifeSaver Bottle was created in 2007. It was the first ever water bottle to remove all harmful substances from water without the use of chemicals. The bottles were tested using microorganisms in far greater numbers than found in most natural water sources. It was a worst-case scenario approach. This bottle also allows for travelers to lighten their load by not having to carry around heavy cases of clean water. -
Today's Technology: Continued
They can just carry around the little bottle and it will clean the water for them. APA Citation: (2011). Lifesaver Bottle - Portable Water Filter Bottle. Retrieved October 3, 2012, from http://www.lifesaversystems.com/lifesaver-products/lifesaver-bottle. -
Future Technology
Scientists are creating something similar to the LifeStraw, which is a water purification system in the form of a large straw. This new invention will be more durable, smaller and more compact. Also, researchers are discovering new efficient ways to clean water. One approach is flash desalination, a process that heats water and then evaporates it in a low-pressure chamber; it has been in use for decades but is energy-intensive and costly. -
Future Technology: Continued
Indian scientists developed a low-temperature, thermal-desalination demonstration facility that cuts energy input by pumping water seawater from the surface and flash evaporating it at very low pressure. The vapor is then condensed using cold deep-sea water.
APA Citation: (2008). The future of universal water: new study highlights water ... - Nanowerk. Retrieved October 8, 2012, from http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=4725.php.
