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Jean-Daniel Colladon
Jean-Daniel Colladon versatile scientist from Switzerland and his friend Charles-Francois Sturm, a mathematician, made experiment to determine the speed of sound in water. They used two boats. In one the underwater bell was struck simultaneously with ignition of gunpowder on the first boat. The sound of the bell and flash from the gunpowder were observed 10 miles away on the second boat. Using a trumpet-like instrument speed of sound underwater was calculated at 1435 m/sec. -
Jean-Daniel Colladon (continued)
McCarthy, Elena. “ International regulation of Underwater Sound: establishing rules and standards to address ocean noise pollution”. A brief History of the Use of Sound in the Ocean. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. Print. -
Christian Doppler
The Doppler principle was first used to detect cardiac motion.
The Doppler effect was named after Christian Doppler, He learned that sound waves would have a higher frequency if the source was moving toward the observer and a lower freqency if the source was moving away from the observer. Roguin, A. “The British Journal of Radiology”. Christian Johann Doppler: The man behind the effect. July 2002: 615-619. Print. -
Pizoelectricity
The first piezoelectric experiment was demonstrated by brothers Pierre and Jacques Curie. They used special crystals (tourmaline, topaz, cane sugar) which were subjected to mechanical stress. Under mechanical stress crystals acquired a charge when compressed, twisted or distorted. Brothers were able to measure that charge and named this phenomenon piezoelectricity. Parker, Philip. Piezoelectricity: Webster’s Timeline History. San Diego: ICON Group International Inc. 2002. Print. -
Paul Langevin
After Titanic sinking Physicist Paul Langevin invented a device that detected objects at the bottom of the sea. Taking Curries' discover of piezoelectricity as a basic principle Langevin invented first hydrophone-first transducer. This transducer was successfully used during World War I to detect icebergs and submarines. -
Paul Langevin (continued)
McCarthy, Elena. “ International regulation of Underwater Sound: establishing rules and standards to address ocean noise pollution”. A brief History of the Use of Sound in the Ocean. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. Print. -
Karl Dussik
Neurologist Karl Dussik was the first to use sonography for medical diagnoses. He transmitted an ultrasound beam through the human skull in attempts of detecting brain tumors. With younger brother Friedrich he constructed apparatus to make images of the human brain. They used two transducers placed on either side of the head,Coupling was obtained by immersing the upper part of the patient's head and both transducers in a water bath.Photography was obtained on heat-sensitive paper. -
Karl Dussik (continued)
Thomas M. K. Adrian, Banerjee K. Arpan , and Bush Uwe. “Classic Papers in Modern Diagnostic Radiology”. The Ultrasonic Visualization of Soft Tissues Structures in the Human Body. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. Print. -
George D Ludwig
One of the first uses of ultrasonic energy applied for medical diagnostic purposes was by Dr. George D. Ludwig.He demonstrated that gallbladder stones could be detected by an ultrasonic echo method using A mode metal flaw detectors and naval sonar.
Thomas M. K. Adrian, Banerjee K. Arpan , and Bush Uwe. “Classic Papers in Modern Diagnostic Radiology”. The Ultrasonic Visualization of Soft Tissues Structures in the Human Body. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. Print. -
B-mode pioneers
Douglas Howry and Joseph Holmes were some of the leading pioneers of B-mode ultrasound equipment. Their groundbreaking work changed ultrasound future. Up until that point, ultrasound devices required the patient to be at least partially immersed in water to make a 2D image. Holmes and Howry invented a scanner that had a transducer that was put in direct contact with the patient. -
B-mode pioneers ( continued)
Thomas M. K. Adrian, Banerjee K. Arpan , and Bush Uwe. “Classic Papers in Modern Diagnostic Radiology”. The Ultrasonic Visualization of Soft Tissues Structures in the Human Body. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. Print. -
3D Ultrasound (continued)
Kurjak, Asim.” Donald School Textbook of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology”. Development of 3D ultrasound. India. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2002 -
3D Ultrasound
Kazunori Baba was first who created 3-D ultrasound system. His 3D images were obtained by combination of 2-D and elaborated computer system. It took on an average 10 minutes to process data input, making the setup impractical for routine clinical use. Then Baba published first book about 3D sonography. And in the mid 1990s, Baba collaborated with ALOKA® with technology developed at the Biomedical Engineering Department of the Tokio Universit to create first commercial 3-D ultrasound technology. -
4 D ultrasound
What is 4D ultrasound scan?4D sonography was first introduced at the end of 2001 by GE Medical Systems. 4D Ultrasound takes three-dimensional ultrasound images and adds the element of time to the process.In contrast to other 3D imaging diagnostic processes, 4D allows a doctor to visualize internal anatomy moving in real-time. By viewing fetal movement patterns , doctors can assess a baby’s development. -
4D Ultrasound (continued)
Kupesic, Sanja. “Color Doppler, 3D & 4D Ultrasound in Gynecology, Infertility & Obstetrics”. 4D ultraspound and prenatal diagnostic method.India. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2011. Print -
Ultrasound is now on smart phones (continued)
Goodier,Robert. Ultrasound is now on smart phones. Engineering for change. June 2, 2011. Web. April 9,2013. https://www.engineeringforchange.org/news/2011/06/02/ultrasound_is_now_on_smart_phones.html -
Ultrasound is now on smart phones
MobiSanteNow, a start-up mobile health company has found a way to merge a transducer with a phone, forming the first truly mobile ultrasonograph machine. When coupled with a modified ultrasound transducer that plugs into the phone's USB port, the software converts the phone into an ultrasound machine. The technology can put ultrasound into rural clinics in the United States for the first time. It can also equip first responders, family doctors, nurses inserting IV lines.
