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1600's Colonial Period, English Puritan Influence
During the colonial period, children were expected to follow strict guidelines and punishment was severe. The community played a big role in shaping children and enforcing rules. Colonial Era -
1700's Scholar and Medical Expert Influence
The 1700s is where we see scholars and medical experts influence ideas on juvenile behavior and treatment. During this time the idea that evil spirits were behind juvenile delinquency was relevant. -
1800's Early 19th Century: Parens Patriae, Reformatory Era, and Houses of Refuge
The early 19th century saw the introduction of Parens Patriae. This is where the state assumed the role of parent for juveniles in need of assistance. In some cases, the aim was to reform rather than punish, especially in early intervention in the school setting.Parens Patriae -
Juvenile Courts Mid 1900's, In re Winship, Kent v. US, McKeiver v Pennsylvania, In re Gault
The mid-20th century changed the structure of the juvenile justice system. Juvenile courts were established to handle cases involving minors separately from adult criminal courts. Key cases like In re Winship, Kent v. United States, In re Gault, and McKeiver v. Pennsylvania ensured due process rights for juveniles, including the right to legal counsel and fair hearings.
In re Winship -
Early 1900's: Juvenile Probation
The early 20th century saw the introduced the concept of juvenile probation. Probation officers worked closely with juveniles to ensure they followed court orders and engaged in progressive behaviors.Juvenile Probation -
2000's-2020 Rehabilitation, Digital and Mental Health Awareness Era
Today's era focuses on rehab and integration into the community. This era is increasingly influenced by technology and more awareness to mental health issues. Mental Health Awareness -
Explanation: Current Era
In the current era, juvenile justice is increasingly influenced by digital technology and a heightened awareness of mental health issues. Preventive measures and early intervention strategies are prioritized, leveraging technology for monitoring, support, and education. Electronic monitoring, drug testing, CBT therapy are all part of today’s juvenile justice system. There is a strong focus on understanding and addressing the mental health needs of juveniles to prevent delinquency and recidivism.