-
Brown v. Board
*Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional
*Brown v. Board of Education was one of the cornerstones of the civil rights movement, and helped establish the precedent that “separate-but-equal” education and other services were not, in fact, equal at all. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Vocational Rehabilitation Act (P.L. 93-112)
*Section 504 requires that school districts provide services students in their jurisdictions who have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, regardless of the nature or severity of the disability.
*Regular or special education and related aids and services designed to meet the student’s individual educational needs as adequately as the needs of nondisabled students are met. http://www.parentcenterhub.org/section504/ -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
*The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) was enacted in 1975; required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities
*PS were required to evaluate disabled children and create an educational plan that would emulate as closely as possible the educational experience of non-disabled students
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_for_All_Handicapped_Children_Act -
Americans with Disabilities Act
*The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.
*The purpose of the law is to make sure that people with disabilities have the same rights and opportunities as everyone else. https://adata.org/learn-about-ada -
Individuals
*In 1990, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) replaced the Education of the Handicapped Act (P.L. 94-142 and P.L. 99-457). IDEA (P.L. 105-17) states that children with disabilities are entitled to a free appropriate public education and that each child's education will be planned and monitored with an individualized education program or an individualized family service plan https://www.education.com/reference/article/individuals-disabilities-education-act/ -
No Child Left Behind
*The No Child Left Behind law—the 2002 update of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act—effectively scaled up the federal role in holding schools accountable for student outcomes.
*Sought to advance American competitiveness and close the achievement gap between poor and minority students and their more advantaged peers. https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html -
Individuals with Disabilities Act Improvement Act
*The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education and related services to more than 6.5 million eligible infants, toddlers, children and youth with disabilities. https://idea.ed.gov -
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
*Advances equity by upholding critical protections for America's disadvantaged and high-need students.
*Requires—for the first time—that all students in America be taught to high academic standards that will prepare them to succeed in college and careers.
*Ensures that vital information is provided to educators, families, students, and communities through annual statewide assessments that measure students' progress toward those high standards. https://www.ed.gov/esea
