-
Meyer v. Nebraska
This court case ruled that states could provide instruction in the language of their choice but parents had the right to have out of school language classes. This gave students the oppurtunity to learn their heritage language. -
Farrington v. Tokushige
This court case ruled that states could provide instruction in the language of their choice but parents had the right to have out of school language classes. This gave students the opportunity to learn their heritage language. -
Brown v. Board of Education
States are required to give English learners equal opportunities to learn and cannot keep them segregated from other students. This gave English learners more opportunites in school and to learn English. -
ESEA: The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
A national education law that provides funding to schools and districts with low-income families. This law provides resources to help students in need including English learners. -
Period: to
Title VII: The Bilingual Education Act
This federal policy provided grants for bilingual education programs. This policy helped English learners become proficient and encouraged to speak another language besides English. -
EEOA: Equal Educational Opportunities Act
This act states that no one can be denied educational opportunities for their race, color, sex, or national origin. This act gave English learners rights in the classroom and required states to provide them with educational opportunities. -
Lau v. Nichols
This court case made the "sink or swim" technique illegal. Students were no longer allowed to placed in mainstream classrooms without any supports. This made way for English learners to recieve accommodations to help with their English proficiency. -
Castaneda v. Pickard
This court ruling put into a place a three-pronged test to hold schools accountable for addressing the needs of English learners stated through the Educational Opportunities Act. This hold schools accountable for English learners and their education. -
Plyer v. Doe
The court ruling that gave all students the right to education no matter what their immigration status is. This gave English learners who were illegal immigrants the equal opportunity for education. -
Gomez v. Illinois State Board of Education
This court case used the Castaneda test to deal with inadequate programs for English learners. This court ruling stated that the needs of English learners were not being met. -
CA Proposition 227
English for the Children Initiatives
Placed severe restrictions on bilingual education claiming that it violated childrens rights to learn English. -
Flores v. Arizona
This court case used the Castaneda test to deal with inadequate programs for English learners. This court ruling however stated that the needs of English learners were being met. -
AZ Proposition 203
English for the Children Initiatives
Due to this proposition Arizona was forcing students out of English language programs before they were proficient enough in English. -
Title III: Language Instruction for Limited English Proficient and Immigrant Students
This act replaced the Bilingual Education Act and is still in place today. Places an emphasis on English only approach but allows the choice between using bilingual programs or not. This provides standards and assessments with regards to English proficiency to be accountable for English learners. -
Period: to
NCLB: No Child Left Behind
NCLB was a reauthorization of ESEA and required accountability for funds that states received. NCLB used high stake testing to show accountability and required an increase of English learners being proficient in English each year. -
MA Question 2
English for the Children Initiative
This placed severe restrictions on billingual education in Massachucets. -
ESEA Flexibility: The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
This act gave states flexibility from the requirements of Title I. This relieved some of the pressure placed on having 100% of all students including English learners to pass state tests. This act requires a plan to be in place to help English learners succeed. -
ESSA: Every Student Succeeds Act
ESSA is still in place today and places the emphasis on students academic growth instead of their test scores. This places an emphasis on students succeeding and allows English learners the opportunity to improve their English proficiency.
