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World War II and the origins of ID
The origins of instructional design can possible be traced to World War II (Dick, 1987). During World War II, psychologists and educators focused on developing training using research and materials for the military. Source: Dick, W. (1987). A history of instructional design and its impact on educational psychology. In J. Glover & R. Roning (Eds.), Historical foundations of educational psychology. New York: Plenum. -
Behaviorist Approach "The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching"
Behaviorist, B.F. Skinner focused on stimulus-response learning. In "The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching,” by B.F. Skinner, in 1954, Skinner discussed learning objectives, and breaking down content into smaller tasks. Source: Learning, O., Says:, J., & Says:, J. (2015, May 26). A Brief History of Instructional Design - Blog - Originlearning. Retrieved September 09, 2020, from https://blog.originlearning.com/a-brief-history-of-instructional-design/ -
Bloom's Taxonomy
Bloom's Taxonomy, an Adult learning approach still used today, is another Behavioral Approach, identifying "three principal domains of learning: Cognitive (what one knows or thinks), Psychomotor (what one does, physically) and Affective (what one feels, or what attitudes one has)." Source: Learning, O., Says:, J., & Says:, J. (2015, May 26). A Brief History of Instructional Design - Blog - Originlearning -
Cognitive Learning Theory - Robert Gagne
A Cognitive Learning Theory by Robert Gagne identified the 9 events of instruction, including Gaining the Learners Attention, Delivering the Content and Providing Job Aids. Source: Learning, O., Says:, J., & Says:, J. (2015, May 26). A Brief History of Instructional Design - Blog - Originlearning. Retrieved September 09, 2020, from https://blog.originlearning.com/a-brief-history-of-instructional-design/ -
Constructivist Learning Theory - Malcom Knowles
The Malcomn Knowles Constructivist Learning Theory includes 6 principles of adult learning. Source: Biech, E. (2015). ASTD Handbook: The Definitive reference for training and development. Alexandria, VA: ASTD Press, American Society for Training and Development.
