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American Civil War
The American Civil War lasted from 1861-1865. Seven Southern states declared themselves seperate from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America.The six other states that did not declare themselves seperate were known as the Union. After four years of battle, the Confederacy lost to the Union and slavery was abolished -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation that declared the freedom of all slaves in the eleven states still in rebellion. The proclamation did not outlaw slavery, neither did it grant citizenship to free slaves. -
Ku Klux Klan founded
The Ku Klux Klan was very violent to the African Americans in the south during the 1860s through the 1940s. There was a total of three clans, all consisting of white supremacy, vigilantism, and Christian terrorism. -
Hamburg Massacre
In the Hamburg Massacre in South Carolina, African Americans were rioted because they were trying to celebrate the fourth of July, The Hamburg Massacre led to a total of seven deaths. This event led to almost a century of Jim Crow denial of civil rights to African Americans. -
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Exodus of 1879
Thousands of African Americans that were victims of discrimination, segregation, and poverty emigrated to the West. They did not find much fortune there; they had to deal with hostility from western Whites and Native Americans. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875 Reversal
The United States Supreme Court ruled in Civil Rights Cases of 1883 that the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional. The United States Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment prohibited states, but not citizens, from discriminating. Because of this reversal, the effect was devastating. -
Ida B. Wells Campaigns Against Lynching
Ida B. Wells started an anti-lynching campaign by almost herself because one of her close black friends had been lynched. 161 people were lynched that year, the highest number of lynching victims in a single year. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In the case Plessy v. Ferguson, the United States Supreme Court established the "seperate but equal' doctrine, which said that legal racial segreagation was does not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. -
Smith v. Allwright
In the case "Smith v. Allwright," the United States Supreme Court ruled that the "White primary," that excluded blacks from voting, was unconstitutional. -
Executive Order 9981
President Harry S. Truman signed the Executive Order 9981, which stated that "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin." -
Martin Luther's "I Have A Dream"
Over 250,000 African Americans and Whites gathered at the Lincoln Memorial for the March on Washington.Martin Luther King Jr, delivered his famous "I Have A Dream" speech. -
Loving v. Virginia
The Lovings were an interracial couple that changed the future for interracial couples. The United States Supreme Court ruled that prohibiting interracial couple wass unconstitutional. Sixteen states that had banned interracial couples had revised their laws
