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The Great Schism began when Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius was excommunicated. It created the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox faiths.
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The first crusade was the the first of a series of a series of religious wars. The main objective of the crusade was to recover the Holy Land from Islamic rule. -
The construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral began in 1163. It was commissioned by King Louis VII as a symbol of France's power and money. -
The Magna Carta was a very important document for the English people in medieval Europe. It guaranteed the English political liberties. -
The silk industry was introduced in the 12th century and had grown in Europe by 1500. There were big improvements in the quality of textiles and the varieties of color and design available. -
In 1348 the Black Death reached Britain and ravaged the country. The Black Death was a plague and killed around 25-30 million people. -
The Peasant's Revolt was the first big and popular revolt in English history. The peasants revolted because of an unfair and unpopular poll tax. -
The end of the Great Schism led to the power being shifted from the pope to the Council. It also led to the start of the Protestant Reformation as the hatred towards the papacy was at an all time high. -
The Italian Renaissance began in 1420 in Florence, Italy. There is a debate over how the renaissance actually started but many historians believe that the combination of increased interaction between different cultures, the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman texts, and the emergence of humanism brought about this rennaisance. -
Around 1436 the first printing press was made by a German goldsmith named Johannes Gutenberg. The printing press allowed information to spread quickly and accurately which was extremely useful during the Reformation. -
The Medici family ruled Florence and Tuscany from 1434-1737. They gained power and wealth through their success in commerce and banking. -
Pope Nicholas V turns Rome into a Renaissance City. He does this by strongly encouraging the arts and starting many construction projects. -
Leonardo Da Vinci was a very important figure in the Renaissance. He was a humanist, scientist, naturalist, and one of the most brilliant minds in the world. -
The Hundred Years War ended when Bordeaux surrendered. In the end England lost all their territory in France except the port city of Calais. -
The age of exploration a time period in which many European countries began exploring and colonizing the world.They discovered faster trade routes and new countries to conquer. -
The Columbian Exchange began when Christopher Columbus first discovered the Americas. His arrival in the Bahamas started a massive interchange of diseases, animals, and plants. -
In August 1492 Columbus left Castile and reached the Americas on October 12, 1492. He first made landfall in the Bahamas and quickly realized he wasn't in India. -
Girolamo Savonarola leads an uprising against the Medici family by preaching a return to simple faith. The Medici Family is forced to leave and Savonarola become the ruler. -
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther published the 95 thesis which showed how corrupt the Catholic Church really was. The protestants demanded the Church to change. -
In the Leipzig Debate Martin Luther argues with Johann Eck. Luther argued that the basis for Christian faith is scripture alone. -
Calvinism originated with the Reformation in Switzerland. It started when Huldrych Zwingli began preaching what would become the first form of the Reformed doctrine in Zürich. -
Martin Luther attends the Diet of Worms to talk to Charles V who is the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Here Luther is declared a heretic and excommunicated from the Catholic Church by Pope Leo X. -
Martin Luther creates the German Bible in 1522. Luther translated the Bible into German and publishes his New Testament translation. -
The Anglican Church was founded in 1534 when Henry VIII split from the Roman Catholic Church. The creation of this church further fueled the Protestant Reformation. -
The scientific revolution began with astronomy. This led to a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science. -
The Council of Trent was made by the Roman Catholic Church as a response to the Protestant Reformation. The council self-reformed the Church and removed the most notorious abuses. -
The Peace of Augsburg ended the religious Wars in Germany. This allowed princes to choose whether the people in their land were Catholic or Lutheran., -
The Spanish armada was defeated by England in 1588.This established England as a world power and also brought long-ranged weapons into naval battles. -
Galileo proves that by dropping one- pound weight and a one hundred-pound weight from the leaning tower of Pisa, they both land at the same time. This disproved the Aristotelian system which stated that the rate of fall of an object is dependent upon its weight. -
The religious wars in France ended with the Edict of Nantes. Henry embraced the Roman Catholic Church and religious freedom was put in place. -
Baroque art originated from Rome in 1600 and spread throughout the majority of Europe during the 17th and 18th century. Baroque art is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, and other arts. -
Absolutism became very popular in Europe in the early 16th century. People believed that the answer to all of Europe's violent disorders and they were willing to give away their rights for peace. -
The Dutch East India Company was used to protect trade in the Indian Ocean. It was very important because it connected trade between Europe and Asia. -
Charles I became the King of England on March 27th, 1625. He ruled England for 24 years and his last years were spent fighting in the English Civil War. -
The English Civil War began when King Charles I raised his armies and signaled the start of a Civil War. King Charles' lack of money was the main cause of the war. His father King James I spent all of their money living an extravagant lifestyle leaving no money for Charles. -
Louis XIV is without a doubt one of the most significant rulers of France. He ordered the building of the Palace of Versailles which therefore left France's treasury bankrupt. -
Charles I was publicly publicly executed by beheading on October 30, 1649. Charles I was convicted of treason ehich led to his execution by Oliver Cromwell. -
Thomas Hobbes believed that people needed governments to have order in a society. He also believed that people should give up some of their freedoms in order to gain peace and order. -
Peter the Great ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 1682 until his death. He is important because he westernized Russia -
The glorious revolution took place in England on 1688. It stemmed from religious and political conflicts. -
The enlightenment period can be traced back as far as 1715. The Enlightenment Period was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated Europe in the 17th century. The 30 Years War caused people to raise ideas against nationalism and warfare which kicked off the Enlightenment. -
The industrial revolution originated from Great Britain around 1760. The revolution started when people became more urbanized and cities became more industrialized. -
The Treaty of Paris was signed on September 3, 1783 which ended the Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France. In this treaty France gave up all of their territories in North America. -
Due to the French Revolution the economy crashes and causes a crisis. There was a shortage of goods and the prices of the goods were increasing rapidly every day. -
The French revolution began in 1789 when King Louis XVI failed to raise taxes and needed more money. He held a meeting of Estates Generals which turned into a protest about conditions in France. -
The Tennis Court Oath was signed on June 20, 1789. The tennis court oath established the National Assembly, the new revolutionary government, and pledged not to separate until the constitution of the kingdom is established -
Marry Wollstonecraft was a very influential feminist who published the Vindication of Rights of Women in 1792. The book stated that the education system was designed to not teach women anything and that women would be great workers. -
King Louis XVI was publicly executed using a guillotine on January 21, 1793. He had been convicted of working with foreign powers and the French National Convention sentenced him to death. -
Napoleon first seized political power in a coup d'état in 1799 when he removed the French Directory. He then made himself the first consul which meant that he had all the power now. -
Napoleon was abdicated on June 22, 1815 by his son Napoleon. After Napoleon lost the Battle of Waterloo he lost all his political power in France.
