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European History through the cultural and political systems influenced by Voltaire
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'Oedipe'
Francois-Marie D'arouet's first play under his new name Voltaire. A play about the motivations of characters in Greek mythology. It was performed at the home of Duchesse Du Maine in 1718. -
'Lettres Philosophiques'
It was first published in English and a year later published in French, this was telling of Voltaire's influences. The writings were a celebration of English society, most importantly the encompassment of the third estate into politics, social systems and justice. It also criticized religion and aimed to promote reason as a core value of life. It was quickly suppressed by the French government but accelerated a spirit of enlightenment. -
'Essai sur les Moeurs et l'espirit des nations'
Voltaire discusses the commonalities of society and cultures in addition to common failings of society, building on his enlightenment philosophy. In all, Voltaire explains the universality of reason and the credibility of individual skepticism. -
'Candide'
Voltaire voicing his denouncement of optimism and the values of Leibniz. Voltaire created reflection of God's power and the idea of a perfect world in which there is a great plan. His evidence included the horrors of humanity and the cause and result of natural disasters such as the Lisbon earthquake in 1755. Ultimately, Voltaire discourses the oppression and failings of society. -
'Voltaire in the Court of Frederick II'
Painting by Adolph Von Menzel in 1850 illuminating Voltaire's assimilation into Prussia and into the courts of Frederick II where they discussed enlightened absolutism and the welfare of Prussia. This led to the introduction of legislation aiding National Unity and reforms of freedom. It was painted over 100 years later and exhibited to celebrate Voltaire's influence. -
'Ecce Homo' by Friedrich Nietzsche
Nietzsche's publishing in 1908 discourses similar ideals of western cultural values as Voltaire. In fact, Nietzsche built on Voltaire's ideals through the theory of perspectivism, of the individual limitation of knowledge, especially of religion. Ultimately, Nietzsche defines Voltaire as the last free spirit. -
'Voltaire a Ferney'
W H Auden wrote the poem to discourse the setting of Voltaire's life, beliefs and influence. The necessity of civilization, revolution, enlightenment. Overall, Europe's necessity of Voltaire as protector.
