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People who lived in the Middle Ages lived under the Feudal system. This meant that everyone had a place in society. Most of the society was divided into three classes: Nobles, Clergy, and serfs. The person who brought the Feudal system to England was Duke William of Normandy. He conquored England in 1066 and then he became King William 1st of England.
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The Crusades were holy wars between the Christians and the Muslims. Each side fought to take Jeruselum which each considered a Holy Land. For the Christians it was a victory but over time the Muslims won the land back. The people who fought these wars brought back new ideas, new products and new plans for trade in Europe.
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The Black plauge began in 1348, when sailors came to present day Italy. Little did the harbormen know that the sickness that the sailors brought in was the Black Plauge. This event was devastating, because between 1/4 and 1/3 of Europe's population died. It lasted until 1352.
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This was a time of rebirth, thus the French name Renaissance. Europeans were interested in the ideas that the ancient greeks and romans had. During this time period, great work was done in art and sciences. For example, more books became more available to more people due to the invention of the printing press which made books cheaper to buy. The person who made this grand invention was Johann Gutenburg. The Renaissance
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During the Renaissance people bagan to question the practice of the catholic church. Martin Luther led the Protestant Reformation which rebelled against the Catholic practice. Some of the Protestant countries were England, Netherlands, and Germany. The Roman Catholics countries were Spain, Portugal, France and italy. This reforation time period led to the exploration outside of these countries for freedom of religion.